Best Practices in State and Regional Innovation Initiatives Competing in the 21st Century (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Annex A--Stanford and Silicon Valley
Annex A--Stanford and Silicon Valley
Pages 219-228
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4 "Sowing the Seeds of a Startup: StartX Seeks to Propel Young Entrepreneurs to Forefront of their Field." San Jose Mercury News December 29, 2011.
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5. Perhaps the most important spin-off was Poulsen Wireless Telephone and Telegraph, later renamed Federal Telegraph, established in 1909 by Stanford graduate Cyril Elwell with the substantial backing of David Starr Jordan, the president of Stanford's Engineering Department.
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had people go from the universities to companies ever since."12 He urged two students, William Hewlett and David Packard, to found a company to commercialize an audio-oscillator that Hewlett had developed through his academic work, giving rise to one of the most famous founding legends of Silicon Valley. Terman -- a veritable one-man incubator -- helped Hewlett and Packard with the technical development of their product, helped arrange financing, rented property containing the now-famous garage where they began work, and helped them secure patent rights.13 Terman provided 9 Terman brought roughly thirty Stanford students and colleagues to the Harvard project over time, where they received practical experience in microwave engineering.
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However, the will did not bar leasing the land and, the university drew up plans to establish a light industrial park on land that it owned. Terman characterized the park as "our secret weapon" and sought to encourage technology-oriented companies to locate there.15 Varian Associates became the first tenant in the Park in 1951, followed by Hewlett Packard, GE, Eastman Kodak, Lockheed, and Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, which spun off Fairchild Semiconductor -- "a corporate seedbed spawning over 38 new companies which were started by former employees," including Intel.16 Terman used his former student, David Packard, to promote the park; Terman later recalled that "people would come to me to see about locating a business in the park and I would suggest they also talk to Packard to find out want it meant to be close to a cooperative university.
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cit., p. 311 23 "Tales of Silicon Valley Past: Legendary founders Talk About Early Days at Fairchild," San Jose Mercury News, May 13.
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in 1946 to foster innovation that would ultimately spur the economic development of the region.27 In 1968, an SRI scientist, Doug Engelbart, gave a 90-minute demonstration to an audience of about a thousand people in San Francisco which was one of the first public demonstrations of the computer mouse, developed by Engelbart and his colleague Bill English in 1963, as well as a demonstration of teleconferencing over a computer screen, online collaboration, real-time text editing, and the first use of hypertext links. Thirty years later a member of the audience recalled that the demo was "unlike anything else I've ever seen…just mind-boggling." The audience responded to the demo with a standing ovation "that went on and on."28 When federal funding for Engelbart's computer research ended in 1977, he and nearly half of his SRI research team moved to join Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox PARC)
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Robert Spinrad, who served as PARC's director between 1978 and 1982, recalled later that At PARC, we developed the underlying technologies for what is now the modern personal computer: windows, word processors, graphic displays, icons, drop-down menus, image processing, laser printer, the Ethernet…you name it.34 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- THE STARTUP OF GOOGLE Stanford's Office of Technology Licensing opened in 1970, and in four subsequent decades disclosed roughly 8300 cumulative inventions and executed over 3500 licenses. Notable inventions licensed by the office include FM sound synthesis (created by a small Yamaha music chip developed by the music 30 "CEO Set Gears in Motion for Valley's Tech Revolution…Xerox Chief Remembered for Research Center," San Jose Mercury News December 29, 2006.
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technology commercialized by Texas Instruments.35 The University's very well-known licensee is Google, which was created by two Stanford graduate students over a four-year period under the mentorship of the late Stanford computer science professor Rajeev Motwani.36 Katherine Ku of Stanford's Office of Technology Licensing, recalls that the two students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Worked on a project for the library for about four years. They used Stanford resources to develop a search engine that we tried to market to the big four search engine companies, but nobody was interested.
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Kargon, "Selling Silicon Valley: Frederick Terman's Model for Regional Advantage," The Business History Review Winter 1996. 41 Jan Youtie and Philip Shapira, "Building an Innovation Hub: A Case Study of the Transformation of University Roles in Regional Technology Development," Research Policy 37: p.
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