Frontiers in Massive Data Analysis (2013) / Chapter Skim
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9 Human Interaction with Data
9 Human Interaction with Data
Pages 133-145
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From page 133... ...
The field of human-computer interactions has made great progress in the display and manipulation of complex information, but the increasing scale, breadth, and diversity of information provide continued challenges in the area. People are not, however, merely consumers of data and data analysis.
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From page 134... ...
Crowdsourced data acquisition is the process of obtaining data from groups either explicitly -- for example, by people deliberately contributing content to a website -- or implicitly, as a side effect of computer-based or other networked activity. This has already been shown to be a powerful mechanism for tasks as varied as monitoring road traffic, identifying and locating distributed phenomena, and discovering emerging trends and events.
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From page 135... ...
At the same time, news media and web-based blogs have focused intense public attention on interactive infographics that deal with key public events such as elections, financial developments, social media impacts, and health care/wellness. Information visualizations provide for rapid user interaction with data through rich control panels with selectors to filter data, with results displayed in multiple coordinated windows.
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From page 136... ...
Such models range from simple 4-step approaches that gather information, re-represent it, develop insights, and present results, to elaborate 16-step models and domain-specific approaches for medical histories, financial transactions, or gene expression data.2 The process models help guide users through steps that include data cleaning (remove errors, duplicates, missing data, etc.) , filtering (select appropriate subsets)
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Often, case studies of usage by actual researchers working with their own data over periods of weeks or months have been used to validate the utility of information visualization tools and visual analytics processes (Shneiderman and Plaisant, 2006)
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From page 138... ...
As such, participatory sensing has become a paradigm for gathering data at global scales, which can reveal patterns of humans in the built environment. Early successes have been in the area of traffic monitoring and congestion prediction,5 but it is possible to build many applications that integrate physical monitoring with maps.
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From page 139... ...
More recently, a number of systems have been developed that more explicitly involve people in computational tasks. Although the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning have made great progress in recent years in solving many problems that were long considered to require human intelligence -- for example, natural language processing, language translation, chess playing, winning the television game show Jeopardy, and various prediction and planning tasks -- there are still many tasks where human perception, and peoples' ability to disambiguate, understand context, and make subjective judgments, exceed the capabilities of even the most sophisticated computing systems.
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, general expertise-based sites, where people with expertise in particular topics answer ques tions on those topics (e.g., Quora) , and specialized sites focused on a particular topic (e.g., StackOverflow for computer-programming related questions)
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OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND DIRECTIONS Data Visualization and Exploration Many of the current challenges in visualization and exploration stem from scalability issues. As the volume of data to be analyzed continues to increase, it becomes increasingly difficult to provide useful visual represen 7 The FoldIt website is available at http://fold.it.
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At every point they can apply statistical treatments to produce new intermediate data sets, record their insights, select groups for later analysis, or forward promising partial results to colleagues. Often users will need to combine data from several sources and apply domain knowledge to interpret the meaning of a statistical result and visual display.
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From page 143... ...
These teams must coordinate their efforts over weeks or months, generate many intermediate data sets, and combine their insights to support important decisions for corporations or government agencies. Crowdsourced Data Acquisition and Hybrid Human/Computer Data Analysis The other two ways that people can participate in the analytics process are by helping to acquire data and by adding human intelligence where existing algorithms and systems technology cannot provide an adequate answer.
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Pp. 57-66 in Proceedings of the 23nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology.
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Pp. 1-7 in Proceedings of the 2006 Advanced Visual Interfaces Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evalu ation Methods for Information Visualization.
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