Global Development Goals and Linkages to Health and Sustainability Workshop Summary (2014) / Chapter Skim
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4 Links Among Sustainable Development, Health Equity, and Social Justice
4 Links Among Sustainable Development, Health Equity, and Social Justice
Pages 51-68
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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Úrsula Oswald Spring, Ph.D. Professor and Researcher, Regional Centre of Multidisciplinary Research National Autonomous University of Mexico Úrsula Oswald Spring began her presentation by describing issues related to global environmental change that are affecting human health.
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These changes have related costs, Oswald Spring noted. Extinction rates among mammals, birds, and amphibians are 1,000 times higher than what was seen in the fossil record (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005b)
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During natural disasters, Oswald Spring noted, large populations can be vulnerable to droughts, floods, extreme temperatures, windstorms, wildfires, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and wave surges. From 1974 to 2003, disasters caused an estimated 2 million deaths and affected more than 5 billion people worldwide.
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by the year 2000. SOURCE: Oswald Spring, 2012.
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. A New Adaptation System for Sustainable Development Oswald Spring stated that we need a new adaptation system that makes links among human capital (including gender issues, human adaptation, and human capabilities)
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56 GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS FIGURE 4-2 New adaptation system for sustainable development. NOTE: EROEI = energy returned on energy invested, HDI = Human Development Index.
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, and older ages) from the wider society, the broader macrolevel (which includes topics that Oswald Spring presented)
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Data from European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. transfers3 shows that child poverty rates decreased by approximately 10– 30 percent after making social transfers within various European countries (see Figure 4-3)
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Working Ages Marmot noted that early childhood development and education are drivers of unemployment in the working ages. Again, comparing the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, unemployment among 15- to 24-year-olds is considerably greater than unemployment among the total population (see Figure 4-4)
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60 GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS FIGURE 4-4 Unemployment rates in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States for 2009. SOURCE: Marmot, 2012.
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He noted that evidence shows that policy at the local level, the national level, and the international level can have huge impacts on the lives people are able to lead, and hence impact health and health equity. FIGURE 4-5 Relationship between social welfare spending and all-cause mortality in 18 European Union countries for 2000.
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. She explained that a modeling exercise presented at the Childhood Survival Call to Action event -- convened by the governments of Ethiopia, India, and the United States in collaboration with UNICEF -- demonstrates that all countries can lower child mortality rates to 20 or fewer deaths per 1,000 live births by 2035 and save approximately 45 million lives (UNICEF, 2012)
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She noted that since June 2012, 164 governments, 185 civil society organizations, 220 faith-based organizations, and more than 1,000 individuals have signed a pledge of their commitment to maternal, newborn, and child survival. Each signature represents renewed commitment to work across sectors, issues, and specific interventions to end preventable child deaths.
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Moving through the environmental impact, natural disasters and management of extreme events are crucial issues in poverty alleviation. So, Oswald Spring said, it is important to work simultaneously on the social, educational, and health parts when considering the environment in order to give the next generation the potential to live better.
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Although the evidence supports childhood development centers, he said, it may be provided by civil society or families rather than by government, highlighting the importance that civil society plays in these issues. Addressing Health Equity, Social Justice, and Sustainable Development Commenting on the concepts of health equity and social justice, Balbus noted that it appears that two levels of approach are required: (1)
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She noted that it is necessary to overcome destructive consumerism and create policies that link business with environmental protection, social justice and poverty alleviation, and social equity to confront the new uncertainty people throughout the world are experiencing. Oswald Spring added that it is important to carefully choose the indicators that are utilized to link the social and environmental domains in order to stop the process of destruction and reveal the types of development processes (e.g., mining, oil exploitation, natural gas extraction, etc.)
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2012. Perspectives on the intersection of sustainable development, equity, and social justice: Environmental perspective.
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2013. The Millennium Development Goals report.
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