Veterans and Agent Orange Update 2012 (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Short-Term Adverse Health Responses
Appendix B: Short-Term Adverse Health Responses
Pages 958-970
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From page 958... ...
reports, and the committee for Update 2010 removed them. The three conditions that occur in temporal proximity to exposure have little relevance to new claims from Vietnam veterans, and there has been minimal new evidence since they were classified as having evidence of an association with herbicide exposure.
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From page 959... ...
. If chloracne occurs, it appears shortly after the chemical exposure, not after a long latent period; therefore, new cases of chloracne among Vietnam veterans would not be the result of exposure during the Vietnam War.
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From page 960... ...
. In comparison with a nonexposed group, Air Force Ranch Hand personnel potentially exposed to Agent Orange reported a significant excess of acne (OR = 1.6)
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From page 961... ...
Conclusion On the basis of numerous epidemiologic studies of occupationally and environmentally exposed populations and supportive toxicologic information, previous VAO committees have consistently concluded that there is sufficient evidence of an association between exposure to at least one chemical of interest and chloracne. Because TCDD-associated chloracne becomes evident shortly after exposure, there is no risk of new cases long after service in Vietnam.
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From page 962... ...
Among people who were exposed to TCDD as a result of the 1976 chemical plant explosion in Seveso, Italy, clinical PCT was observed only in a brother and a sister who had a mutant enzyme that confers susceptibility in the heterozygous state. In 1977, 60 Seveso residents were tested for increased porphyrins, and 13 had secondary coproporphyrinuria; increased concentrations persisted in only three cases that were thought to be due to liver damage and alcohol consumption (Doss et al., 1984)
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From page 963... ...
Because TCDDassociated changes in porphyrin excretion become evident shortly after exposure, there is no risk that new cases will occur long after service in Vietnam. Given the recognized association between TCDD and porphyrin excretion and the long period that has elapsed since service in Vietnam, the committee concludes that the emergence of additional biologic and epidemiologic evidence that would merit review and deliberation by later VAO committees is unlikely.
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From page 964... ...
Conclusions from VAO and Previous Updates Several occupational studies have evaluated whether herbicide exposure or production may lead to early-onset neuropathy. In March 1949, an explosion occurred in a reactor vessel in a chemical plant in Nitro, West Virginia, where 2,4,5-T was being produced.
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From page 965... ...
Subjects had increased serum TCDD concentrations more than 30 years after exposure, and evidence of continued neuropathy was noted in nine of 15 subjects who were available for study. Acute neuropathic symptoms were reported after the Seveso accident, and persistent signs were noted.
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From page 966... ...
Case reports do not provide conclusive evidence of causal relationships, but the cases discussed above showed a close temporal relationship between high exposure to 2,4-D and neuropathy. The most likely non–toxicant-related acute neuropathy is Guillain-Barré syndrome; however, this syndrome is associated with characteristic findings on clinical neurophysiologic examination and highly increased protein in CSF.
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From page 967... ...
1984. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides.
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From page 968... ...
1984. Development of chronic hepatic porphyria (porphyria cutanea tarda)
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From page 969... ...
2010. B lymphocyte-induced matura tion protein 1 is a novel target gene of aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
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From page 970... ...
2005. Constitutive expression of aryl hydrocar bon receptor in keratinocytes causes inflammatory skin lesions.
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