The Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World Workshop Summary (2014) / Chapter Skim
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5 Translating Evidence into Effective Action
5 Translating Evidence into Effective Action
Pages 41-56
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From page 41... ...
Speaker Brian Bumbarger from The Pennsylvania State University called for this movement from the science of prevention to what he called the service of prevention, recognizing that implementation of best practices is as important as studying best practices. The discussions during the workshop demonstrated that there is evidence for violence prevention, reflected Forum co-chair and workshop speaker acquelyn Campbell from Johns Hopkins University School of J Nursing.
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From page 42... ...
For example, Forum member and workshop speaker Michael Phillips from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine mentioned several suicide prevention training programs for mental health practitioners that are based on the presumption the practitioners can identify high-risk individuals. However, this presumption is not supported by the current body of evidence, which suggests that although high-risk groups can be identified, available tools are inadequate to determine suicide risk or predict suicidal behavior of individuals (IOM, 2002)
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From page 43... ...
CTC determines these factors in a neighborhood using local epidemiological data, which are used to create communityspecific profiles in which CTC compares the community risk and protective factor rates to controls. CTC then works with communities to develop a community action plan based on evidence-based programming that best focuses on decreasing the community's most prevalent risk factors and increasing the least prevalent protective factors (Hawkins et al., 2012)
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From page 44... ...
Implementing evidence-based programs In addition to using theory, prevalence data, and program and strategy effectiveness data to determine program focus and goals, program d esigners may use knowledge obtained from implementation research to design interventions that function well in the real world. Fixsen reiterated that successful implementation will result in socially significant outcomes -- changes that people notice and feel directly in their communities.
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From page 45... ...
Fixsen also suggested that competency, strong leadership, and effective organization are the factors that drive successful implementation and ultimately support the practitioner in direct delivery of services. He encouraged workshop participants to develop practical fidelity assessments in order to ensure that practitioners and managers are using innovations correctly and consistently to strengthen these drivers.
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From page 46... ...
Workshop speaker Harriett MacMillan from McMaster University provided an example of such data being used to improve replications of the Nurse–Family Partnership, which provides new mothers with home visits from nurses to provide early parenting support. To test the initial model of this program, David Olds led three randomized controlled trials that found the Nurse–Family Partnership model was indeed effective in a variety of populations.
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From page 47... ...
Because of this, interviewees started preparing for their interviews with research and literature reviews, and the dialogue in police offices started to include a broader knowledge base. In the late 1990s, Bueermann's police department reorganized around an evidence-based approach that focused on addressing risk and protective factors.
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From page 48... ...
Mary Lou Leary from the Department of Justice OJP explained that the objectives of the program are to improve the quantity and quality of evidence that the OJP generates, to effectively integrate evidence into policy and program decisions, and to improve the translation of evidence so that practitioners understand its relevance and application. Replacing Ineffective Programs Fixsen mentioned his colleague George Sugai's rule: "For every new initiative started, two current initiatives should be stopped in order to maintain efficiency and focus." However, he added that programs cannot be terminated over night because people and communities depend on their services.
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From page 49... ...
IMPLEMENTING EVIDENCE-BASED PROGRAMS ACROSS COUNTRIES Jennifer Matjasko of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention described health as "a dynamic state of well-being characterized by a physical, mental, and social potential that satisfies the demands of a life commensurate with age, culture, and personal responsibility." According to this perspective, health by definition depends on context. She explained that when determining how to best implement violence prevention initiatives in various contexts, it is important to understand how evidence translates in different cultures and systems.
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From page 50... ...
Key messages specifically from workshop breakout group discussions on applyng knowledge to effective action in LMICs are summarized in i Box 5-1. Barriers to Consider Speakers discussed barriers to consider before beginning program implementation in an LMIC.
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From page 51... ...
Translatable Theories Several speakers discussed theories that are universal and can be applied to LMICs as a basis for violence prevention programs. For example, Ward mentioned that programs based on social learning theory work well across many different contexts.
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From page 52... ...
Scanlon added that in order to determine the community's needs and plan the appropriate response more data might be needed on the realities and conditions that prompted violence, the community's assets and existing resources, the relationship of the government with the community, the population subsets that could be targeted, programs in similar regions that could be replicated, and surveillance information on daily movement and active social areas. Workshop planning committee co-chair and Forum member Katrina Baum from the Department of Justice provided comments on key stakeholders to involve in identifying the problem and planning and implementing the response.
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From page 53... ...
Baum emphasized that the establishment of trust between implement ers and other stakeholders is vital to the success of the project, and program developers might focus on spending as much time as necessary to build strong relationships with the community and other partners. Breakout group facilitator Dina Deligiorgis from United Nations Women com mented on adapting violence prevention programs to local conditions and cultures.
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From page 54... ...
She noted that countries do not have to spend resources establishing what the risk and protective factors are because this information already exists, but the countries can concentrate on doing baseline studies to determine their prevalence. Phillips cautioned that even surveillance research requires thoughtful consideration of culture.
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From page 55... ...
was a tremendous effort toward overcoming fatalism and understanding ways forward. Several workshop speakers commented that implementation of evidence-based violence prevention programs can provide individuals with the hope that a horrible situation in which they find themselves can change; that their situation will be better, at an individual level and at a systemic level.
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From page 56... ...
Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, The National Implementation Research Network. Hawkins, J
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