The Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World Workshop Summary (2014) / Chapter Skim
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II.4 Can Interventions Reduce Recidivism and Revictimization Following Adult Intimate Partner Violence Incidents?--Christopher D. Maxwell and Amanda L. Robinson
II.4 Can Interventions Reduce Recidivism and Revictimization Following Adult Intimate Partner Violence Incidents?--Christopher D. Maxwell and Amanda L. Robinson
Pages 76-86
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From page 76... ...
4 The term Intimate Partner Violence describes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse. See http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimate partnerviolence/definitions.html (accessed October 10, 2013)
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From page 77... ...
Figure II-2 displays the two countries' IPV homicide counts by the victim's sex. Similar to trends for nonlethal violence, the frequency of IPV 5 Data underlying Figures II-1, II-2, and II-3 were collected by national household victimization surveys (the National Crime Victimization Survey in the United States and the British Crime Survey in the United Kingdom)
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From page 78... ...
. Figure II-3 displays IPV victimization rates by age group for the United States.6 As depicted in this figure, in the early 1990s the graph displays a fairly typical age by crime distribution curve (i.e., much higher rates among younger people that decline perceptively by age)
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From page 79... ...
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 93–94 95–96 97–98 99–00 01–02 03–04 05–06 07–08 09–10 12–17 18–24 25–34 35–49 50 or older Figure II-3 U.S. female intimate partner violence rates by age groups, 1993-2010.
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From page 80... ...
Therefore, the question about whether an intervention program works or not needs to be more explicitly phrased as "Does the intervention accelerate the rate of desistance among active IPV offenders and if so, to what degree? " In our attempt to answer this question, we primarily report the summary results from systematic, quantitative reviews of groups of similarly implemented RCTs.
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From page 81... ...
Although there are no systematic reviews of shelter evaluations, nor a single RCT, there is one study that correlates shelter stays with IPV revictimization rates, but it did not produce positive, straightforward results (Berk et al., 1986)
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From page 82... ...
IDVAs are professional support workers who provide intensive support and safety planning with victims deemed to be at high risk of further abuse; IDVAs are now being used across the United Kingdom. A multisite pre-post study found improvements across a range of victim outcomes (Howarth et al., 2009)
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From page 83... ...
Their analysis showed that 65 percent of the 144 comparison tests produced no significant differences in the rates of recidivism among types of criminal sanctions; however, the authors argued that these studies were methodologically weak and thus unlikely to entirely separate the effect of the intervention from other factors, including selection biases. Research based on a more narrow focus on specialized domestic violence courts by Cissner et al.
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From page 84... ...
There are a number of RCTs and even more systematic reviews. In terms of screening victims, several published systematic reviews covering more than 30 studies find that screening instruments sufficiently and equally identify women experiencing IPV, and that there are no significant adverse effects on most women (Cole, 2000; Nelson et al., 2004; MacMillan et al., 2006)
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From page 85... ...
. This primary prevention study found that county-based CCRs do not significantly affect respondents' knowledge, beliefs, or attitudes toward IPV; knowledge and use of available IPV services; nor risk of exposure to IPV.
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From page 86... ...
For instance, to reduce IPV recidivism, the best available evidence suggests that a police response, particularly one that results in an arrest, is the most effective offender-focused solution. To reduce revictimization, advocacy programs combined with victim safety planning -- particularly those delivered by NGOs in the voluntary sector -- are linked to improvements across a range of victim outcomes.
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