Research Opportunities Concerning the Causes and Consequences of Child Food Insecurity and Hunger Workshop Summary (2013) / Chapter Skim
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9 Measurement and Surveillance of Child Food Insecurity and Hunger
9 Measurement and Surveillance of Child Food Insecurity and Hunger
Pages 121-138
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From page 121... ...
The second speaker was Elizabeth Adams, Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine at Oregon Health and Science University. Maureen Black, Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, served as the session's final discussant.
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From page 122... ...
Conceptualization of Food Security Frongillo began with the conceptualization of food security itself as it has been designed and implemented in the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) in the Current Population Survey (CPS; see Chapter 2)
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From page 123... ...
(2011) , he and his co-authors saw in their qualitative interviews many examples of responses to food insecurity within families, some of which were disturbing.
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From page 124... ...
Finally, one could construct nominal categories based on the specific meaning of items and not on the scale. Frongillo provided an example of an assessment and different ways for constructing indicators using a study about food insecurity affected by seasonality in northern Burkina Faso (Frongillo, Nanama, and Wolfe, 2004)
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From page 125... ...
Second, he said that the sample sizes for children in households with very low food security are too small to support detailed analysis. He referred to Coleman-Jensen's earlier point (see Chapter 3)
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From page 126... ...
For two children experiencing physical awareness of food security, no parent was aware. Eight children initiated responses to food insecurity and one child generated resources.
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From page 127... ...
He questioned the most salient causes of child food insecurity, noting lack of money is not the entire story. Parental physical and mental health is crucial, as are transportation barriers to accessing food or food assistance, parental work demands and schedules, stigma, and other social issues.
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From page 128... ...
They include questionnaires that cover all domains of child food insecurity, and making use of observation is key. The development of resources and protocols for the actions that can help when children's food security is identified is beginning.
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From page 129... ...
He said that this purpose of the monitoring leads to the following measurement and statistical tool requirements: credible, consistent, timely measurement; understandable to policy officials and the public; at the appropriate geographic level; publicly accessible; regularly interjected into policy and program consideration; prevalent, with some measurement error acceptable if random relative to reported categories; and implementable at a large scale. He said the current measure meets most of these criteria.
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From page 130... ...
It overstates food insecurity and understates very low food security in households with children relative to those without children. The biases vary depending on the ages of the children.
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From page 131... ...
Nord suggested that another useful research issue is the development of a better understanding of the causes of the differences between youth and adult-proxy reports of youth's food security. STATEMENT OF ELIZABETH ADAMS Adams described the Childhood Hunger Coalition2 (CHC)
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From page 132... ...
Following the initial visit, the family was given an electronic medical record summary that provides information about all the resources for food insecurity available in the family's community. The summary provided to families included information about resources, such as the OregonHelps website; the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; child nutrition programs; emergency foods; gardening; gleaning; and farmers' markets.
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From page 133... ...
Adams suggested it is also important to integrate food security research with the emerging regional and national transformations currently under way in health care and education. STATEMENT OF MAUREEN BLACK Black first discussed the global measure of food insecurity, observing that more than 90 percent of the world's children live in low- and middle-income countries where food insecurity is an enormous concern.
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From page 134... ...
Agency for International Development. The scale is similar to the household food security scale used in the United States, except that it reflects the past four weeks.
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From page 135... ...
Black compared the two-question screener with the full 18-item HFSSM in terms of odds for a number of negative outcomes: fair/poor child health, child hospitalizations, developmental risk, fair/poor caregiver health, and caregiver depressive symptoms. These odds were adjusted for site, race/ethnicity, U.S.-born versus immigrant mother, marital status, education, child gender, caregiver employment, breastfeeding, and low birthweight.
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From page 136... ...
Fixing food insecurity does not necessarily fix helping children meet optimal dietary guidelines. Children do not do well in terms of feeding patterns -- how they use food and when they eat -- nor do they do well eating breakfast.
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From page 137... ...
Nord replied that in the method that he and his coauthor used in their paper, they also compared what adults said about adults in the family, and what the sampled adult said about his or her personal food security in the Mobile Examination Center interview. He noted the agreement was a lot higher for single-adult households and even in multiple-adult households than it was between adult reports for youth and what the youth said.
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From page 138... ...
As a result, some surveys, including NHANES, ask the teenager directly. The speaker asked if something similar could take place for the measurement of food security.
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