Research Opportunities Concerning the Causes and Consequences of Child Food Insecurity and Hunger Workshop Summary (2013) / Chapter Skim
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4 Contextual Factors Linked to Child Food Insecurity and Hunger
4 Contextual Factors Linked to Child Food Insecurity and Hunger
Pages 27-42
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From page 27... ...
The second discussant was Bruce Weber, professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Extension Economics, and director of the Rural Studies Program at Oregon State University. STATEMENT OF SCOTT ALLARD1 Allard said the purpose of his presentation was to describe why place matters in the context of food security.
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From page 28... ...
For example, around the same time that the food security measure was developed, there was a discussion about community food security measures, with a community food security concept embodied in a tool developed by the Economic Research Service (ERS) .2 Understanding how communities are food secure might help establish long-term household and child food security with the idea that food assistance programs are short-term solutions to these issues.
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From page 29... ...
He encouraged thinking about the role that self-selection plays: how people get to where they are, and how spatial measures of food access or food resources can help resolve the ndogeneity issues that emerge from self-selection as to the neighbor e hoods people live in and the programs they participate in. Spatial Access to Food Retailers The most prominent component of the literature, and the dominant way that scholars, policy makers, and advocates seem to think about place and food security, is spatial access to food retailers, access to community food resources, the food resource infrastructure, or food deserts.
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From page 30... ...
showed that only very long distances to grocery stores are related to food insecurity. Few studies can compare access measures to food security outcomes, in part because most of the surveys that provide the food security measures are national in scope.
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From page 31... ...
Safety Net Programs: Public and Private Allard discussed safety net programs and providers, noting mismatches and gaps between the location of providers and the location of people in need. Safety net assistance matters because it increases household food budgets.
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From page 32... ...
He pointed to some promising use of SNAP administrative data to study what people buy and where they buy it. Allard suggested that research is needed into how receipt and bundling of assistance shapes food budgets and food shopping behaviors, how social service programs can be integrated more explicitly, how food security and program participation are related, and the causes/ onsequences of exiting c from programs.
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From page 33... ...
Some studies find that ethnic grocery stores provide affordable healthy food options in low-income neighborhoods, but these stores are not widely accessible to all low-income neighborhoods. There is evidence that unemployment rates and wage rates affect food security.
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From page 34... ...
spatial proximity to food retailers; (2) safety net programs; (3)
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From page 35... ...
stores and non-WIC stores in Connecticut before and after the 2009 implementation of the revised WIC food packages that provided online vouchers to purchase fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat milk products. The study 3See Kaiser et al.
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From page 36... ...
The project involves, among other things, administering the 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) twice a year over five years in a very high-risk population.
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From page 37... ...
He said he would suggest research opportunities along two of the pathways that Allard identified and end with an argument to include measures of place or indicators of place in research that involves individuals to support understanding about how place affects individual outcomes. He observed that a map of the United States produced by Feeding America, displaying child food insecurity estimates by place,4 shows how food insecurity among children varies by place, with high concentrations of childhood food insecurity in the Southwest, in the South, in some of the southern counties along the Mississippi River, and in Appalachia.
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From page 38... ...
He said he wondered how these dynamics vary across the rural/urban continuum, and if they do, how program and work ynamics d are affected by personal demographics, local economic conditions, and program design. He also considered how well matched food security needs in different places are to federal food assistance programs and emergency food
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From page 39... ...
about the "new normal." He asked if a "new normal" regarding food assistance program participation exists since the recession, querying whether the way people view these programs has shifted so that their entry and exit differs from historic patterns. If it is different, forecast models for food assistance programs will no longer be on target because they use models based on an old set of relationships.
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From page 40... ...
Kaiser described her past research on food insecurity and the interpretation of the food security questions among a Latino population. She said that there may be some issues in understanding the questions and possibly even some overreporting.
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From page 41... ...
There are probably all kinds of ways to ensure that people have access to food resources or food assistance, and spatial dynamics might help expand household budgets. There are also transportation ideas, whether mobile markets, or delivery or transportation services for the disabled populations.
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From page 42... ...
It is not surprising to characterize a local problem, but it is also a global marketplace that is dealing with local constraints. She said that she appreciated the example of the nonprofit grocery store, saying that an interesting policy question is how much local control communities have over the kinds of food available and where they are located, and whether this is a predictor of food insecurity in the community.
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