Elder Abuse and Its Prevention Workshop Summary (2014) / Chapter Skim
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2 Measuring and Conceptualizing Elder Abuse
2 Measuring and Conceptualizing Elder Abuse
Pages 6-17
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From page 6... ...
Several speakers also raised some culturally specific types of abuse, such as exclusion from participation in cultural activities. In addition to varying definitions and concepts, measuring and ultimately preventing elder abuse is complicated by several other factors that were raised by workshop speakers: the setting and cultural 6
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From page 7... ...
Workshop speakers presented findings from research on elder abuse in both the community and institutions and the implications for each. Abuse Occurring in the Community Workshop speaker Ron Acierno from the University of South Carolina presented findings from the National Elder Mistreatment Study, which surveyed community-presiding older adults in the United States.
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From page 8... ...
Workshop speaker Elsie Yan from the University of Hong Kong noted that, in Chinese populations, disrespect and being ignored or left out of family gatherings are major forms of elder abuse. In Chinese American populations, psychological abuse is considered worse than physical abuse; disrespect, cursing, and ignoring are seen as worse than hitting or other types of physical abuse.
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From page 9... ...
Forum member Michael Phillips from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine commented that, in mainland China, young people are migrating away from the rural areas and into cities, leaving their aging parents behind. Workshop planning committee member Alexander Kalache from the International Longevity Centre–Brazil suggested that the issue of migration is complex; some individuals migrate because they are in search of work and entrepreneurial opportunities, while others migrate because they are persecuted in their home country.
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From page 10... ...
Abuse Occurring in Institutions Workshop speaker Mark Lachs from Weill Medical College of Cornell University presented on elder abuse occurring in nursing home facilities. Although reports of elders being abused by nursing home staff have been sensationalized in the media and used to sway public opinion, close some facilities, and require background checks, Lachs suggested that major forms of violence in long-term care that pose the greatest threat to residents go unaddressed.
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From page 11... ...
"shift coupons," a novel method adapted for staff identification of resident-to-resident mistreatment in real time. Workshop speaker Pamela Teaster from the University of Kentucky commented that the evidence so far indicates that abuse occurs more predominantly in the community setting and more dominantly by family and friends than other individuals, but the field still has much to do to understand the nuances of types of abuse.
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From page 12... ...
Recognizing that cognitive impairment is and will be a major problem that has to be addressed in the field of elder abuse, workshop speaker Jason Karlawish from the University of Pennsylvania suggested two important ways in which cognitive impairment and elder abuse intersect. First, cognitive impairment has been recognized as a problem and national attention is being paid to addressing it as a disease-based problem.
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From page 13... ...
She noted that types of elder abuse, whether occurring in the home or in institutions or to someone who is cognitively intact or not, are very different and there will not be a one-size-fits-all solution. Neglect and Self-Neglect Speaker and planning committee member Terry Fulmer from Northeastern University stressed that although neglect and self-neglect are often grouped with other forms of elder abuse, there is a need to consistently tease out what is neglect versus abuse because of the unique challenges associated with both neglect and self-neglect.
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From page 14... ...
. Rather than suggesting a particular theory to be applied to elder abuse, Teaster proposed several overarching characteristics that any theoretical conceptualization of elder abuse should include transdisciplinarity, global context, community versus institutional setting, levels of cognitive impairment, balancing individual rights with safety, and inclusion of both upstream and downstream issues.
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From page 15... ...
• Like the Ecological Model, considers a variety of contributors to mistreatment • Builds on elders in relationship with others • Considers dynamics of power, exchange, and inequality • Includes outcomes • Issue of the "trusted other" • Does not include self-neglect • Does not address "time" • Needs deeper consideration of characteristics of the abuser Cycle of Violence Theory • Derived from the domestic violence literature (Walker, 1979) • Situational and short term • Easily comprehensible to laypersons • Not everyone who commits elder abuse was reared in a home in which violence took place • Could excuse the perpetrator from culpability • Inconsistent support for this theory Lifecourse Perspective • Provides context for action and intervention (Kuh and Ben-Shlomo, • Multiple ways to apply 1997)
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From page 16... ...
Workshop planning committee and Forum co-chair Jacquelyn Campbell suggested that some frameworks are useful for prevention by identifying risk factors, while others are useful for developing interventions. ISSUES WITH PREVALENCE STUDIES Livingston pointed out that the problem of knowing who to ask about elder abuse makes measuring difficult.
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From page 17... ...
2010. Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: The National Elder Mistreatment Study.
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