Practical Guidance on Science and Engineering Ethics Education for Instructors and Administrators Papers and Summary from a Workshop December 12, 2012 (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Getting from Regulatory Compliance to GenuineIntegrity: Have We Looked Upstream?--BRIAN C. MARTINSON
Getting from Regulatory Compliance to GenuineIntegrity: Have We Looked Upstream?--BRIAN C. MARTINSON
Pages 55-65
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to discuss the importance of organizational climates as an important backdrop for the success of science and engineering ethics practice and education, and (2) to describe a recently validated climate assessment tool, the Survey of Organizational Research Climate (SORC)
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In other words, an appropriate understanding and response to ensuring lung health requires that one "look upstream" to understand the systemic aspects of the problem, attending to causally implicated environmental exposures and how they might be avoided or mitigated. Once diagnosed, the proper treatment of mesothelioma remains important, but in itself, without the application of other appropriate preventive measures, is an entirely insufficient approach to ensuring lung health more broadly.
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From the Irish Council of Bioethics: Honesty, Reliability and accuracy, Objectivity, Impartiality and independence, Open communication, Duty of care, Fairness, and Responsibility for future science generations From the Council of Canadian Academies: Honesty, Fairness, Trust, Accountability, and Openness From the Singapore Statement on Research Integrity: Honesty, Accountability, Professional courtesy and fairness, Good stewardship From the InterAcademy Council report: Honesty, Fairness, Objectivity, Reliability, Skepticism, Accountability, Openness Beyond brief definitions of the listed values, each source identifies best practices that, if observed diligently, represent its specific vision of science conducted with integrity. In each case, these practices are directed largely toward individual scientists and researchers.
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These recommendations, along with the conceptual model at the heart of the 2002 IOM report, provide the primary basis and rationale behind the climate assessment tool I describe below, the Survey of Organizational Research Climate, and recommendations my collaborators and I have made for its use in a reporting and feedback system to organizational leaders. Chapter 3 of the 2002 IOM report includes a conceptual diagram (p.
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Organizational learning Ethical Culture and Climate Feedback Assessment and Feedback Are Effective Mechanisms for Promoting Organizational Change Since the publication of the IOM report on patient safety in health care, To Err Is Human (Kohn et al.
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Secondary, external validation data are from the Council of Graduate Schools' Project on Scholarly Integrity, for which a preliminary, prevalidated version of the instrument was used to assess the research integrity climates of seven participating universities (see paper by Julia Kent in this publication)
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, the SORC enables meaningful assessments of group-level perceptions of an organization's environmental conditions. Feedback of SORC Data to Organizational Leaders In keeping with the notion that this reporting and feedback system is designed for "internal consumption" of the information, after the collection of responses to the SORC instrument from the appropriate segments of their organizational membership, the data must be summarized and set up for feedback to department chairs, deans, program leaders, and others in organizational leadership positions.
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Such information can help organizational leaders expend their efforts to support research integrity with some specificity and intentional targeting -- as opposed to implementing blanket policies or practices that may be both more expensive and less effective. Moreover, to further facilitate such targeting, if an organizational unit scores very low or very high on a particular scale, the leader of that unit can obtain the summary data, appropriately aggregated to protect individual anonymity, for the individual question items comprising that scale.
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And while structural and cultural reforms may be needed to address the root causes of a variety of undesirable behaviors, it seems clear that the local organizational climate is an important influence on researchers, and one that is subject to influence by local organizational leaders. Tools are increasingly available to assist organizational leaders in creating and sustaining local research environments that evince genuine research integrity, not just regulatory compliance.
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2012. Relationships between the Survey of Organizational Research Climate (SORC)
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Drafted at the Second World Conference on Research Integrity, July 21–24, Singapore. Available online at www.singaporestatement.org/.
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