Workshop on Biotechnology in Agriculture Summary Report, Jakarta, Indonesia, March 13-14, 1986 (1986) / Chapter Skim
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OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
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PART I Overview
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, small scale, low budget, and low value added. Currently, medium-scale industries using biotechnological techniques produce alcohol, beer, citric acid, monosodium glutamate, liquid sugar, and single-cell protein.
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Research units supporting biotechnology in Indonesia include: o The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology o Universities such as the University of Indonesia, Bogor Agricultural University, Bandung Institute of Technology, and Gadjah Mada University. These universities form the Inter-University Center of Biotechnology.
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Possible steps needed to develop biotechnology in Indonesia are: mobilization of the existing national capabilities in biotechnology, promotion of the utilization of existing biotechnological processes as well as R&D on new processes, and development of scientific and skilled manpower through special training and education. In undertaking these steps, the following should be kept in mind: o The limitation of resources, including facilities, manpower, and funding, in each institution.
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To realize its objectives, the Center will formulate selected research and development projects that support national programs in the fields of family planning, health care, food production, animal production, and the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds. Research will encompass microbiology, plant cell and tissue culture, genetic engineering, analysis, fermentation techniques, downstream processing, and lab-scale pilot studies.
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- 7 activities through contract research and the provision of facilities as well as consultants in the field of biotechnology. It is expected that this ability will increase with time.
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Biotechnology will have a major impact on the future of world agriculture. Technologies such as embryo transfer and genetic engineering to produce new vaccines, drugs, antibiotics, and hormones for animal production; cell and tissue culture of important crop species; nitrogen fixation; and industrial fermentation will be key to increasing world agricultural productivity.
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Broadening the basis of genetic diversity will reduce risk as well as allow selection for improved traits. Advanced techniques of plant cell culture can be used to alter specific single-gene traits such as selection for resistance to various crop chemicals, thereby giving the producer a wider choice of products and procedures for each type of agricultural operation, or increasing specific amino acid production to improve the nutritional quality of plants.
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In combination with improved germ plasm, herbicides, insecticides, and soil conservation, nitrogen-based fertilizers have significantly boosted agricultural productivity worldwide. Fertilizers add significant cost to crop production.
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Such a step would also reduce the financial cost of worldwide agricultural development, facilitate scientific exchange, and promote the acquisition of new knowledge. It would, in addition, build worldwide agricultural and technological alliances which will extend beyond agriculture and may serve as the basis of broader cooperation.
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HISTORY OF THE CENTER The North Carolina Biotechnology Center was established in 1981 under the Governor's Board of Science and Technology. The idea behind this initiative was that a state investment in biotechnology would, in the long term, provide a major economic benefit to the state.
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In 1984, the North Carolina Biotechnology Center was reorganized as a private corporation, giving it the flexibility to work with the private sector and with private and public universities and to pursue opportunities that were not possible when the Center was part of state government. RESOURCES The North Carolina Biotechnology Center is not building a research facility.
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The Technology Center's objective is to undertake basic research that is relevant and of particular interest to industry. Thus, the sponsoring companies are critical in selecting research projects for the Center and in monitoring their progress.
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In the area of education-based activities, several state universities are now faced with a challenge; many do not have faculty qualified to teach their undergraduates or to conduct laboratories in molecular biology. Thus, the Biotechnology Center is working with these institutions to develop their educational capabilities in biotechnology.
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