Responsible Science Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process: Volume I (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 191-199
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From page 191... ...
See also Misconduct allegations policies and procedures instituted by, 43-44, 73, 77, 101, 104, 134 research traditions in, 67-68 and role of government agencies in handling misconduct allegations, 112-115 scientists employed by, 71 Acadia Institute Survey, 91-93 Accountability balance of intellectual freedom and, 11-12, 123 191 panel conclusions regarding, 123124 in research enterprise, 74 of scientists, 2 Adjudication discussion of, 107 responsibility for, 111 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 85 Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) biomedical training programs funded by, 129 misconduct-in-science regulations applicable to research sponsored by, 85 ALERT system (PHS)
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From page 192... ...
, 84, 85,108 regulations and procedures regarding misconduct allegations, 87-88, 99,108-111 Disciplinary measures, 103-104 Disciplines, role of, 41-42 Disc lo sure, 78-79 Doctorates increase in number of, 71 variations in length of training for, 61 Due process requirements Constitutional requirements, 116117 differences in university and government approach to, 113114 elements of, 117-118 resolving misconduct cases and, 116-118 E Edsall, John T., 131 Educational programs to foster responsible research practices, 129 incorporation of ethics into, 130133 panel recommendations regarding, 13, 146-147 Engineers, 71 Error correction, 18, 56-59
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From page 193... ...
See Academic institutions; Research institutions Integrity of research process definition of, 4, 17, 24-25 methods of ensuring, 20-22 panel recommendations regarding, 13, 145-147 safeguards to, 18 Integrity of science, 25 Intellectual freedom balance of accountability and, 1112, 123 panel conclusions regarding, 123124 Intellectual property rights disputes over, 19
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From page 194... ...
See also Whistleblowers panel findings and conclusions regarding, 9-12, 95, 105, 107, 111, 121-125 procedural elements to handle, 10-11, 98-104, 148-149 role of courts in, 115-116 special issues in university investigations regarding, 119120 university-government approaches to handle, 9-10, 98107 unresolved issues in approaches to handling, 112-115 Misconduct in science, 2, 4, 80 and access to primary data, 49-50 analyses, surveys, and other reports of, 88-95 causes and cures for, 30-31 consequences of confirmed, 84-85 definitions of, 5, 25-28, 112-113, 147-148 demarcation between questionable research practices and, 29 government statistics on, 81-84 incidence of, 2, 9, 19-20, 80-95 international studies regarding, 88 panel recommendations regarding, 147-150 problems for those who report. See also Whistle-blowers reasons for taking action regarding, 31-33 reports from local institutional officials regarding, 87-88 sources of detection for, 90-92 underreporting, possibility of, 9, 20, 81, 95
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awards supported annually by, 20 biomedical training programs funded by, 129 guidelines for conduct of research, 135 misconduct-in-science regulations applicable to, 85 National Library of Medicine, 55 National Science Foundation (NSF) data-sharing policy of, 44-45 definitions used by, 27, 86 regulations and procedures to address misconduct allegations, 21, 88, 100, 108, 111-112 195 review of misconduct allegations by, 82-83, 103 sanctions imposed by, 119 New England journal of Medicine, 5556 Noncontributing authors, 52-53 Norms of science, 40-41 o Office of Inspector General (OIG)
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From page 196... ...
maintenance of ALERT system by, 110-111 misconduct allegations under review by, 84, 103 regulations to address misconduct allegations, 21, 85-86,99 regulatory definitions used by, 27 requirements for recipients of research awards from, 100, 129, 148 sanctions imposed by, 119 Publication. See also Authorship; Communication /publication issues; Scientific journals concerns regarding practices of, 52 overemphasis on, 75-76 responsible research practices and, 139-140 Q Questionable research practices, 4.
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See also Federal research funds increases in, 16, 18, 33, 68, 71 misconduct allegations regarding, 29, 92-93 Research groups dynamics of, 42-43 management of, 72-74 role of research trainee in, 60 size, specialization, and diversity within, 19, 61, 70, 78 Research institutions. See also Academic institutions; Research enterprise benefits of information technology advances to, 51 challenges to, 2-3 educational programs sponsored by, 129 encouragement of responsible research practices by, 128-129 misconduct allegations handled by, 9-11, 20, 98-104.
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From page 198... ...
See Integrity of research process replication and reconfirmation of results as element of, 38, 59 steps in, 17-18 Research proposals, 71 Research trainees. See also Mentorship; Training programs in large research laboratories, 61 relationship between mentors and, 59-60 responsible research practices and, 141-142 selection of mentors by, 62 Responsible research practices.
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From page 199... ...
See also Mentorship; Research trainees panel recommendations regarding, 13, 146 programs to foster responsible research practices in, 129, 133 Truthfulness, 17 U Underreporting, possibility of, 9, 20, 81, 95 Universities. See Academic institutions University of Maryland, 134 University of Michigan Medical School, 135 V Vandalism, 149 W Whistle-blower Protection Act of 1989, 123 Whistle-blowers false accusations by, 121 panel's recommendation on, 16, 156-157 professional and economic deterrents for, 81, 91 protections for, 122-123 role of, 120-121 Woolf, Patricia, 89-90 z Ziman, John, 41
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