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INDEX
Pages 179-185

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From page 179...
... probes, 42 Assault, 112, 118-120, 143 Automated fingerprint identification systems, 17-18, 111, 113, 117, 157 Automation, see Computer technology Autoradiography, 38-39, 53 Autosomes, 33 B Band shifting, 54, 60-61, 140-141 Bayesian theory, 85 Behavioral traits, 48, 114 Bias in laboratory analysis, 53 Blind testing, see Proficiency testing Blood, 28, 89, 112, 120, 126, 142, 158
From page 180...
... State, 136 College of American Pathologists, 101 102, 107 Commonwealth v. Cumin, 141 Computer technology, 44, 48-49, 60, 61; see also Networks for databanks, 18, 113-114, 117, 123, 125 Confidence limits, 9, 14-15, 75-76, 92 Confidentiality, see Privacy issues Consequentialist ethical analysis, 24-25, 154, 156-157, 158 Constitutional issues, 20, 131, 143, 153 Contamination, 20, 52, 55, 131, 134 in PCR procedures, 65-67, 68, 70 in RFLP procedures, 58-59 INDEX Control primers, 70 Controls, in testing, 55, 57-58 for laboratory proficiency, 62-63 Convicted-felon DNA databanks, 17-20, 86-87, 111-129, 142-143, 155, 159, 160, 161 Cooperative services, 153 Coriell Institute of Medical Research, 91 Cost-benefit analysis, see Economics Credit-rating services, 18, 114 Criminal profile, 17-20, 86-87, 111129, 142-143, 155, 159, 160 Criminal records, 18, 114 Custody cases, 20, 132 Cytosine, 2, 33 D Databanks, 15, 104 access to, 18- 19, 93-94, 123 allele frequency, 10, 74-75, 85-86, 91, 122, 124, 125 criminal profile, 17-20, 86-87, 111 129, 142-143, 155, 159, 160 and legal proceedings, 135, 139, 140, 141 privacy issues, 14, 17-20, 24-25, 32, 86-87, 113-116, 121-122, 155-156, 158-160 samples, 112-113, 116-123, 125-126, 143 sequence variability, 44 see also Automated fingerprint identification systems; Cell repositories; Computer technology; Networks Defense counsels, 146, 147, 160, 161 Defense laboratories, 123 Demography, see Ethnic groups; Subpopulations Dental records, 125, 158 Department of Defense, 125- 126 Department of Health and Human Services, 17, 107, 108 see also National Institutes of Health Department of Justice, 17, 107, 108 see also Bureau of Justice Assistance; Federal Bureau of
From page 181...
... United States, 21 -22, 132- 136, 138 Funding issues, 101, 153
From page 182...
... Texas, 140 Kidnapping, 118, 121 Kits, for PCR analysis, 68, 69 L Laboratories, 8, 15, 18-19, 20, 28, 5355, 97, 101, 105, 112, 116, 161, 162 error rates, 14, 15, 88-89, 94 and legal proceedings, 133, 135, 140141, 145, 148 licensing, 100- 101 protocols, 8, 53-55, 105, 112, 133, 135, 140-141, 145, 148 regulation of, 15, 16- 17, 97- 108, 162 see also Match criteria; Proficiency testing; Technicians Laboratory Accreditation Board, American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors, 17, 102- 103, 105-106, 107 Latent fingerprints, 17- 18, 111 - 113 Leakage between samples, 59 Licensing of laboratories, 100- 101
From page 183...
... analysis, 5-6, 7, 40-44, 63-70, 85, 114, 132, 144 commercial kits, 68, 69 People v. Castro, 135 Perpetrator populations, 13, 85 Phenotype, 32 Pipettes, 67 Polymerase chain reaction, see PCR analysis Polymorphism, see RFLP analysis; VNTR Population frequencies, 9-15, 21, 44-48, 53, 74-85, 90-93, 157 and databanks, 124 and legal proceedings, 133, 135, 136, 139, 142, 145 Privacy issues, 14, 17-20, 24-25, 32, 8687, 113-116, 121-122, 148, 152, 153, 155-156, 158-160 for databanks, 18- 19, 86-87, 113- 116, 121-122, 143, 158-160 Private laboratories, 15, 18- 19, 20, 97, 101, 162 Probability, see Frequency calculations Probative value, of DNA evidence, 22, 52, 134, 136-137 compared to fingerprints, 112 Probes, 54, 56, 144 see also ASO probes; Monomorphic probes; Multilocus probes; Singlelocus probes Product rule, see Multiplication rule Professional organizations, 16- 17, 26, 63, 100, 105-106, 148 Proficiency testing, 14, 15, 16- 17, 55, 62-63, 88-89, 94, 99, 103-108 Profile repositories, 17-20, 86-87, 111129
From page 184...
... analysis, 3-4, 34, 35, 36-40, 56-63, 85, 98-99 and databanks, 19, 114, 116, 118 INDEX State law coverage, 52, 131 - 132 see also Diallelic RFLP systems; Southern blots Rights of accused, 24-25, 154- 157, 159 Robbery, 112, 118, 120 Rule 403, 20, 22, 132, 136 Rule 702, 20, 22, 132, 136- 137 Rule 706, 20, 132, 153 Rules of evidence, 20-23, 52, 132, 136139, 141-142, 145, 153 S Saliva, 28, 142, 158 Samples, 17-20, 36, 44, 53, 58-59, 60 contamination of, 20, 52, 55, 59, 6567, 68, 134 control, 57-58, 62-63 in databanks, 116- 123 leakage, 59 mixed sources of, 52, 58, 59, 65-66, 88, 158 reference, 14-15, 83-84, 90-91 retention of, 63, 122 storages 18-19.
From page 185...
... Schwartz, 135- 136 Statistical analysis, see Frequency calculations Statistical disclosure, 18- 19, 114- 115 Subpopulations, 10- 15, 48, 76, 77-85 Suspect samples, 20, 36, 53, 59 in databanks, 17-20, 86-87, 111 - 129, 142-143, 155, 159, 160 T Technical Working Group on DNA Analysis and Methods, 16, 98-99, 104, 106, 116-117 Technicians, 15, 16, 17, 25-26, 66, 97, 100 185 Technological advancement, 15, 55, 70 71, 143-145, 153 Technology transfer, 71 international, 25-26, 162- 163 Thermocyclers, 64 Thymine, 2, 33 Trade secrets, 93-94, 148, 162 Training, 15, 16, 17, 25-26, 96, 104, 108, 125, 153 Twins, 29, 44 U UNC (uracil N-glycolase enzyme) , 67 Unidentified bodies, 121, 125, 126, 158 United States v.


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