Manufacturing Systems Foundations of World-Class Practice (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 14-26
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From page 14... ...
Management and organizational aspects of manufacturing have been examined extensively. A "science" of manufacturing has focused largely on its separate components—such as material handling, material transformation, plant layout, and the data and information systems that support the various manufacturing functions.
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From page 15... ...
Figure 1 presents the committee's view. Operations placed at the center of the enterprise, overlapping and interacting with administration and management, the product and process engineering activities, the applied sciences, and the marketing, sales, and service activities.
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From page 16... ...
· Communication theory and computer science grew out of engineering approaches and real-life experiences of noise in communications channels and computer design. In manufacturing we have a technology analogous to Watt's steam engine and to early photography.
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From page 17... ...
The product and process engineering, the unit manufacturing operations, the marketing, sales, and services, the vendors and suppliers, and the management and administration each benefit from these systems and their capabilities to describe system performance. Describing the total enterprise in this way draws attention to the fact that no single unit operation or function can exist in isolation from all other components of the system.
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From page 18... ...
The challenge to management is to find ways to take advantage of the strengths of the various unit operations and functional groups while discouraging any tendencies to work at cross purposes or toward conflicting goals (see Dertouzos et al., 19891. Achieving true involvement among the various activities requires, of course, more than simply reducing the barriers between groups.
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From page 19... ...
It is important to recognize that among the multiple inputs to the manufacturing system, only some are predictable. The continuing challenge to manufacturers concerned with the competitive status of their industry is to encourage the exploration of the unpredictable inputs and their associated responses, to measure, to model, and to search for a level of understanding that will enhance their capability to optimize performance.
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From page 20... ...
Maxwell's equations and quantum mechanics provide the electronic designer with the structure within which to understand and predict the operation of solid-state electronic components and systems. In the design of chemical reactors, the various laws describing fluid flow and mixing have led to the development of certain "scaling
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From page 21... ...
The foundations related to management explicitly recognize that actions, decisions, and policies advocated and implemented by all levels of management are critical determinants of the success of an enterprise. Included in this grouping is the critical operational philosophy that emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement of all operations in the enterprise and the importance of employee involvement in achieving this form of improvement.
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From page 22... ...
As has been pointed out, however, the underlying principles of the management of "initiative and incentive," that is, the underlying philosophy of this management, necessarily leaves the solution of all of these problems in the hands of each individual workman, while the philosophy of scientific management places their solution in the hands of the management. SOU RCE: Taylor (1 934)
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From page 23... ...
One might hope, for example, that it would become common practice to explore thoroughly the impact of product complexity on the efficiency of the manufacturing operation instead of focusing only on the impact that additional product offerings will have on the marketing and sales activities. Second, an understanding of the elements of a foundation should indicate some of the opportunities for more meaningful interdisciplinary interactions, for example, among scientists, engineers, production managers, and those who are associated with sales and marketing.
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From page 24... ...
Turnbull and coauthors (in this volume) , "place a special emphasis on strategic analysis in manufacturing." They observe that to "harvest the strategic implications of our manufacturing analysis, we recognize that we must look at a system that includes demand, competition/supply, and customer satisfaction." Thus, effective use of the foundations demands an organizational environment that encourages inclusion of manufacturing as a necessary strategic tool in becoming a world-class competitive force.
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From page 25... ...
In part it is due to a failure of the research community to develop the kinds of tools that are needed and to put them into a usable form.... Another extremely important guiding principle for research is that we must generate reusable results having broad applicability.
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From page 26... ...
By focusing initially on the basic elements of manufacturing, instruction in manufacturing could build on verified principles, and the subsequent research could more easily be concentrated on broad system issues as distinct from detailed topics that have more limited applicability. It might be expected that this would lead the various university departments that focus on manufacturing and management of technology to offer a more consistent set of core courses and would result in a more systematic exploration of system-oriented topics by the students (further discussion in National Research Council, The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S.
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