Livable Cities of the Future Proceedings of a Symposium Honoring the Legacy of George Bugliarello (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Prospects for Critical Infrastructure--Thomas D. O'Rourke
Prospects for Critical Infrastructure--Thomas D. O'Rourke
Pages 122-130
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From page 122... ...
In the 1990s, the core concept of infrastructure was redefined in terms of national security. After 9/11, the number of "critical" infrastructure sectors and key assets listed in the National Infrastructure Protection Plan1 was expanded 1 The Department of Homeland Security's 2009 National Infrastructure Protection Plan is available at www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/NIPP_Plan.pdf.
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From page 123... ...
In contrast, the concept of a "lifeline," developed by the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering to evaluate the performance of large, geographically distributed networks during earthquakes (O'Rourke 2007) , involves a smaller number of critical systems -- electric power, gas and liquid fuels, telecommunications, transportation, waste disposal, and water supply.
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From page 124... ...
Urban congestion increases risk due to the close proximity of many pipelines, cables, and supporting facilities. Damage to one facility, such as a cast iron water main, can cascade rapidly into damage in surrounding facilities, such as electric and telecommunication cables and gas mains, with systemwide consequences.
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From page 125... ...
One example of emerging technology for intelligent infrastructure involves fiber optics technology. Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR; Figure 2)
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From page 126... ...
The current generation of hydraulic network models for large, geographically distributed water supplies has evolved sufficiently that engineers and managers can use them to plan and design for complex performance under the highly variable and uncertain conditions associated with geohazards. For example, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power has developed a decision support system based on an accurate simulation of its 12,000 km of pipelines and related facilities (O'Rourke 2010)
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From page 127... ...
Investment and Financing Sustaining critical infrastructure requires adequate financial resources and a long-term commitment to finishing complex projects. Consider, for example, the New York City water supply, which is delivered by City Water Tunnel 1 (commissioned in 1917)
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From page 128... ...
It is therefore crucial to attract private equity by developing alternative financing mechanisms, such as public-private partnerships and infrastructure banks, to expand and reinforce conventional fundraising mechanisms for infrastructure projects. Information and Information Technology From an engineering and scientific viewpoint, there has never been a more opportune time for advancing the state of the art and practice for characterizing and modeling complex infrastructure systems.
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From page 129... ...
The most promising prospects for improved infrastructure include understanding and managing interdependencies, reducing the constraints of institutional fragmentation, harnessing sensor and monitoring technologies to create "smart" systems, modeling complex networks, developing long-term financing mechanisms that attract private equity, and leveraging the power of information technology with improvements in access to and use of information about critical infrastructure. REFERENCES Federal Register.
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From page 130... ...
2010. Feasibility study of an automated detection and tunnel excavation by Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry.
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