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Fires in Mass Transit Vehicles Guide for the Evaluation of Toxic Hazards (1991) / Chapter Skim
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3. Fire Testing
Pages 17-24

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From page 17...
... Within the context of this report, the key element of a successful fire test is its ability to approximate the conditions that would occur in actual fires and to quantify ignition requirements, flame spread, mass burning rate, energy released, and combustion product composition. (See Appendix B for the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
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From page 18...
... The most important variables that are presented include the following: peak rate of heat release (kW/m2~; Abaser extinction beam including \ temperature measurement \ Temperature and differential \ ~ pressure measurements taken here \ . Soot samole tube location blower ~ Is samples Cone heater ~ taken here ~ ;!
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From page 19...
... or.., ; L; -' '7~::,- SMOKE DETECTOR ,RADIANT PANEL ONTO GAS SUPPLY ADZ- AIR DISRIBUTION // PLATE _ ', me' AIR INLET FIGURE S-2. Schematic of the OSU test appartus.
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From page 20...
... Similar to the cone calorimeter, the furniture calorimeter also contains a load cell' a laser photometer for measuring smoke density, and gas analysis equipment. The furniture calorimeter at NIST exists in two versions: a low-capacity version (for fires not much over 1000 kW)
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From page 21...
... , , ~ ·.u~ ~ ~ - ~ ^ ^ D Exhaust 1( Water Cooled Skid FIGURE Sag.
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From page 22...
... CONCLUSION Fire growth moclels require' as input, information on the heat release/mass burning rates of the products involved in the fire scenario. These data are inferred from certain laboratory fire tests, some of which have been or are being adopted as standards both in the United States (ASTM)
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From page 23...
... 1990. Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter, ASTM E 1354, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
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Key Terms

  • furniture calorimeter
  • cone calorimeter
  • oxygen consumption
  • fire tests
  • toxic hazard

  • upholstered furniture
  • test method
  • fire test
  • standard test
  • nist furniture

  • release rates
  • consumption principle
  • smoke release
  • combustion product
  • visible smoke

  • fire growth
  • gas analysis
  • product composition
  • osu rate
  • heat released

  • burning rates
  • hazard assessment
  • flow rate
  • fire scenario
  • igniter samdie

  • extinction beam
  • products involved
  • controlled flow
  • loss rate
  • inlet figure


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