The Invisible University: Postdoctoral Education in the United States. Report of a Study Conducted Under the Auspices of the National Research Council. [Richard B. Curtis, Study Director] (1969) / Chapter Skim
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THE FINANCES OF POSTDOCTORAL EDUCATION
THE FINANCES OF POSTDOCTORAL EDUCATION
Pages 224-240
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From page 224... ...
The host institution pays directly in the sharing of research costs and sometimes by use of institutional funds for postdoctoral stipends. It also supports postdoctoral activity indirectly by providing additional space, faculty time, and the many ancillary services that the postdoctoral shares with other members of the university.
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From page 225... ...
Even if it were possible to do all this, we should also have to consider the nonquantifiable benefits of increased quality of research, of the altered environment in which graduate education takes place, of the contribution to better international relations, of the heightened sense of individual growth and achievement, etc. Since such a comprehensive approach has not been possible, we have set a more limited objective.
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From page 226... ...
S male immediate postdoctorals at universities and also the total annualized compensation (salary plus fringe benefits)
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From page 227... ...
coco x Source: NRC, Office of Scientific Personnel, Postdoctoral Census Questionnaire American Council on Education (ACE) Report of a Sample Survey of Salaries of New Faculty.
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From page 228... ...
At universities the largest fellowship programs at the immediate level are the National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in health and health-related fields and the National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowships in the broad spectrum of sciences and social sciences. In the former program the basic annual stipend is $6,000 for an individual with no relevant experience beyond the doctorate.
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From page 229... ...
U.S. | Foreign $ 12,500 PHYSICAL SCIENCES BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 10,000 Academic Nonacademic Academic Nonacademic TYPE OF HOST INSTITUTION AND APPOINTMENT LEVEL Source: NRC, Office of Scientific Personnel, Postdoctoral Census Data
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From page 230... ...
Postdoctoral appointments in nonacademic institutions such as government laboratories are much more attractive financially. The Postdoctoral Resident Research Associateships and the Postdoctoral Research Associationships operated by the National Research Council for a wide variety of government agencies have stipends (subject to income tax)
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From page 231... ...
This item includes such indirect costs as office and laboratory space, libraries, secretarial assistance, machine or glass-blowing shops, computing facilities, administration of contracts and general university management and, of course, parking facilities.3 If we call the total of these expenditures the cost "at" the university, it is possible to arrive at figures for individual postdoctorals and for departmental averages. Even within departments, however, the spread can be large depending 3 One university official suggested that for those postdoctorals who take or audit courses to make up deficiencies, unpaid tuition represents another cost.
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From page 232... ...
How much of this residue can or should be attributed to the postdoctoral is less clear. Postdoctorals supported on training grants represent a larger cost to the university since the indirect cost rate is much smaller than that for research grants.
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From page 233... ...
Since the money is usually funneled through the host institution, we suggested that the postdoctoral discover the ultimate source by asking his research sponsor. Whether this was done in every case is rather doubtful, since 7.9 percent indicated that their stipend came from the host institution.
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From page 234... ...
The social sciences and the humanities5 receive little help from the federal government and rely mainly on the private sector, including the host institutions. 5These data do not show the effects of the first grants of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
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From page 237... ...
The final distribution in Table 57 gives the relationship between citizenship and source of support. The Public Health Service and the "other government" category support substantially more American than foreign postdoctorals, while DOD, NASA, and the host institutions support more foreign postdoctorals.
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From page 239... ...
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From page 240... ...
In some cases the support is direct and intentional; in others it is through research grants with less consciousness of the educational by-product. Although no single nonfederal source supports large numbers of postdoctorals, their collective support accounts for almost one quarter of all postdoctoral activity.
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