Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 16 (2014) / Chapter Skim
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5 Hydrogen Selenide1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels PREFACE Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
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Hydrogen Selenide 237 effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
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238 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels severe enough that they could not remain at work, but that workers were able to tolerate 0.3 ppm for several minutes without noticeable effects (Dudley and Miller 1941)
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Hydrogen Selenide 239 Data were also insufficient to calculate AEGL-2 values for hydrogen selenide. In the absence of specific data for determining an AEGL-2 value, one-third of the AEGL-3 values can be used to establish AEGL-2 values (NRC 2001)
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240 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 5-1 AEGL Values for Hydrogen Selenide End Point Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h (Reference) AEGL-1 NRa NRa NRa NRa NRa Insufficient data (nondisabling)
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Hydrogen Selenide 241 2.2.1. Case Reports Dudley and Miller (1941)
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242 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Workers were exposed to selenium fume while smelting scrap aluminum contaminated with metallic selenium (Clinton 1947)
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Hydrogen Selenide 243 2.5. Genotoxicity No information regarding the genotoxicity of hydrogen selenide in humans was found.
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244 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels vivors beginning 8 days after exposure. Animals that died within 48 h exhibited respiratory and circulatory failure whereas those that died after 5 days or later had few acute respiratory symptoms but exhibited bronchial pneumonia for extended periods.
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Hydrogen Selenide 245 after exposure. Concentration-related clinical signs included piloerection, red discoloration of the fur, cyanosis, half-closed eyes, red nasal discharge, mouth breathing, moist or dry rales, and apnea.
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246 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity Groups of five young, female albino rats were exposed to selenium fumes produced by passing a current through tungsten wire wound in a cone and filled with chips of selenium (Hall et al.
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Hydrogen Selenide 247 3.7. Summary Lethality studies in guinea pigs and rats show a steep concentrationresponse relationship for hydrogen selenide.
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248 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity The mechanism of toxicity (including pulmonary edema and marked body weight loss)
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Hydrogen Selenide 249 ences (including whole-body vs. nose-only exposure, different analytic techniques, and differences in the post-exposure observation duration)
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250 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels trations and longer durations appears to be primarily dependent on concentration. These concentration-time relationships may be explained by the postulated mechanisms of toxicity; exposure at high concentrations results in severe irritation and causes death by pulmonary edema, whereas the liver can compensate for exposure at lower concentrations and of a long duration, and only when a threshold concentration is exceeded are mortalities seen.
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Hydrogen Selenide 251 centration. However, the report did not provide a citation for this observation, nor any information on sampling or analysis of workplaces to support the statement.
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252 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels standing operating procedures (NRC 2001) , in the absence of specific data for determining an AEGL-2 value, one-third of the AEGL-3 values can be used to establish AEGL-2 values.
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Hydrogen Selenide 253 TABLE 5-4 AEGL-2 Values for Hydrogen Selenide 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 0.22 ppm 0.15 ppm 0.11 ppm 0.064 ppm 0.048 ppm (0.73 mg/m3)
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254 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels higher than the 30-min AEGL-3 value of 0.44 ppm. The supporting documentation of the IDLH value indicates that it is based on acute inhalation data in humans, and cites Dudley and Miller (1941)
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Hydrogen Selenide 255 ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 h without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protection action. ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 h without experiencing or developing lifethreatening health effects.
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256 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels OSHA standard for hydrogen selenide was derived in 1978, but the supporting documentation (29 CFR 1910.1000 [2006]
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Hydrogen Selenide 257 Banerjee, B.D., S Dwivedi, and S
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258 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels MSZW (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid)
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Hydrogen Selenide 259 Weissman, S.H., R.G. Cuddihy, and M.A.
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260 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES Derivation of AEGL-1 Values AEGL-1 values for hydrogen selenide are not recommended. No animal or human data on appropriate end points were found.
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Hydrogen Selenide 261 Time scaling: Cn × t = k (n = 2.5, based on probit analysis of the combined lethality data) Uncertainty factors: 10 for interspecies differences 10 for intraspecies variability Modifying factor: None Calculations: 10-min AEGL-3: C2.5 × 0.167 h = 6,255.829 ppm-h C = (6,255.829 ppm-h ÷ 0.167 h)
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262 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX B DERIVATION SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN SELENIDE AEGL-1 VALUES AEGL-1 values for hydrogen selenide are not recommended because of insufficient data. No animal or human data on appropriate end points were found.
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Hydrogen Selenide 263 71 ppm for 60 min: 2/10 47 ppm for 60 min: 0/10 39 ppm for 60 min: 0/2 78 ppm for 60 min: 2/2 78 ppm for 84 min: 2/2 39 ppm for 84 min: 1/2 39 ppm for 120 min: 1/2 78 ppm for 120 min: 2/2 End point/Concentration/Rationale: LC01 of 33 ppm, calculated by log-probit analysis of combined data from the two studies Uncertainty factors/Rationale: Total uncertainty factor: 100 Interspecies: 10; data are available in only two species, and the rat is not the most sensitive species Intraspecies: 10; although the steepness of concentration-response relationship indicates little individual variation, this factor was applied to account for the uncertainty with respect to the mechanism for and long-term implications of marked body weight loss in surviving rats Modifying factor: None Animal-to-human dosimetric adjustment: Not applicable Time scaling: Cn × t = k where n = 2.5. Empirical value of n calculated from log probit analysis of rat lethality data combined from the two studies.
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264 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX C CATEGORY PLOT FOR HYDROGEN SELENIDE FIGURE C-1 Category plot of toxicity data and AEGL values for hydrogen selenide. Note: There are no documented human data on hydrogen selenide; anectodal information reported by Dudley and Miller (1941)
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TABLE C-1 Data Used in Category Plot for Hydrogen Selenide Source Species Sex No. exposures ppm Minutes Category Effect AEGL-1 NR 10 AEGL AEGL-1 NR 30 AEGL AEGL-1 NR 60 AEGL AEGL-1 NR 240 AEGL AEGL-1 NR 480 AEGL AEGL-2 0.22 10 AEGL AEGL-2 0.14 30 AEGL AEGL-2 0.11 60 AEGL AEGL-2 0.064 240 AEGL AEGL-2 0.048 480 AEGL AEGL-3 0.67 10 AEGL AEGL-3 0.44 30 AEGL AEGL-3 0.33 60 AEGL AEGL-3 0.19 240 AEGL AEGL-3 0.14 480 AEGL Rat M/F 1 117 7.5 SL Mortality 1/2 Rat M/F 1 117 15 2 Pilerection, red discoloration of fur, blue discoloration of limbs, half-closed eyes, red nasal discharge, mouth breathing, moist or dry rales, apnea, body weight loss (Continued)
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266 TABLE C-1 Continued Source Species Sex No. exposures ppm Minutes Category Effect Rat M/F 1 39 30 2 Clinical signs as above Rat M/F 1 78 30 3 Mortality 2/2 Rat M/F 1 39 42 2 Clinical signs as above Rat M/F 1 78 42 SL Mortality1/2 Rat M/F 1 47 60 2 Clinical signs as above Rat M/F 1 72 60 SL LC50 Rat M/F 1 78 60 3 Mortality 2/2 Rat M/F 1 39 84 SL Mortality 1/2 Rat M/F 1 78 84 3 Mortality 2/2 Rat M/F 1 39 120 SL Mortality 1/2 Rat M/F 1 78 120 3 Mortality 2/2 For category: 0 = no effect, 1 = discomfort, 2 = disabling, SL = some lethality, 3 = lethal
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