Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 16 (2014) / Chapter Skim
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6 Ketene1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels PREFACE Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
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268 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
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Ketene 269 tation by ketene or its breakdown product, acetic acid. For all species tested, the toxicologic profile of ketene is similar.
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270 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels of 3 was considered adequate to account for interspecies differences. An intraspecies factor of 3 was used because the mode of action (acylation of functional groups on proteins and enzymes in the lung)
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Ketene 271 dride, the latter material easily affords a ketene stream of better than 99% purity (Hasek 1981)
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272 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.
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Ketene 273 TABLE 6-3 Acute Lethality Data from Studies of Animals Exposed to Static Concentrations of Ketene for 10 Minutes Concentration (ppm) Mortality Time of death (h)
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274 TABLE 6-4 Acute Lethality Data from Studies of Animals Exposed to Dynamic Concentrations of Ketene for 10 Minutes Intended Exposure Concentration (ppm) (time/day)
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Guinea pigs (n = 2) 23 4h 2 2/2 Less than 7.3 h after first exposure 1 7h 14 0/2 – 1 7h 55 0/2 – Rats ( n = 2)
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276 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.1.2. Cats Wooster et al.
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Ketene 277 TABLE 6-5 Acute Lethality Data from Studies of Animals Exposed to Ketene for 10 Minutes Concentration (ppm) Mortality Time of Death or Observation Period Cats (n = 1-2)
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278 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels concentrations was not specified)
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Ketene 279 Treon et al.
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280 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels death are presented in Table 6-4. No deaths occurred after a 50-min exposure at 50 ppm or a 2-h exposure at 23 ppm.
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Ketene 281 fects predominantly on the lungs and central nervous system. The lowest concentration that induced edema and congestion of the pulmonary alveoli was 375 ppm.
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282 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels nervous system, the heart, arteries, and veins. There was no blistering or burning of the skin or mucous surfaces.
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Ketene 283 Mendenhall and Stokinger (1959) exposed (whole body)
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284 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Table 6-4)
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Ketene 285 sive days exhibited sneezing, coughing, salivation, slight nasal discharge, slight irritation of the eyelids, and labored respiration.
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286 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Treon et al.
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Ketene 287 3.2.5. Mice Wooster et al.
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288 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 5.8-11.4 ppm) , histologic examination of the lungs performed 3-6 h postexposure showed capillary congestion at 7.2-9 ppm and increased water content at 11.4 ppm.
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Ketene 289 3.4. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity No studies on the development or reproductive toxicity of ketene were found.
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290 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Treon et al.
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Ketene 291 tions were >25, ±100, and 250 ppm, respectively)
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292 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 4.3.2. Intraspecies Variability and Susceptible Populations No human data are available on the toxicity of ketene which can be used to evaluate intraspecies variability or identify susceptible populations.
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Ketene 293 mice exposed to ketene for 7 h at 1 ppm, the lowest concentration tested (Treon et al.
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294 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 1937; Wooster et al. 1947; Treon et al.
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Ketene 295 TABLE 6-8 AEGL-2 Values for Ketene Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h AEGL-2 0.08 ppm 0.08 ppm 0.063 ppm 0.040 ppm 0.029 ppm (0.14 mg/m3)
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296 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 7-h exposure to 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h) and n = 1 (for extrapolation from a 7-h exposure to 8 h)
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Ketene 297 TABLE 6-11 AEGL Values for Phosgene Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h End Point (Reference) AEGL-1 NRa NRa NRa NRa NRa Insufficient data (nondisabling)
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298 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 6-12 Standards and Guidelines for Ketene Exposure Duration Guideline 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h AEGL-1 NR NR NR NR NR AEGL-2 0.08 ppm 0.08 ppm 0.063 ppm 0.040 ppm 0.029 ppm (0.14 mg/m3)
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Ketene 299 g MAC (maximaal aanvaaarde concentratie [maximum accepted concentration] , SDU Uitgevers [under the auspices of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment]
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300 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels NRC (National Research Council)
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Ketene 301 APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES FOR KETENE Derivation of AEGL-1 Values Due to the uncertainty of whether the lowest concentration of ketene tested of 1 ppm (Treon et al.
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302 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Uncertainty factors: 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability Calculations: (1 ppm)
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Ketene 303 APPENDIX B ACUTE GUIDELINE LEVELS FOR KETENE Derivation Summary AEGL-1 VALUES AELG-1 values for ketene are not recommended because of insufficient data. Absence of AEGL-1 values does not imply that exposures below the AEGL-2 values are without adverse effects.
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304 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels AEGL-3 VALUES Continued Time scaling: Cn × t = k (default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations)
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Ketene 305 APPENDIX C CATEGORY PLOT FOR KETENE FIGURE C-1 Category plot of toxicity data and AEGL values for ketene.
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306 TABLE C-1 Data Used in Category Plot for Ketene Source Species Sex No. Exposures ppm Minutes Category Comments AEGL-2 0.08 10 AEGL AEGL-2 0.08 30 AEGL AEGL-2 0.063 60 AEGL AEGL-2 0.040 240 AEGL AEGL-2 0.029 480 AEGL AEGL-3 0.24 10 AEGL AEGL-3 0.24 30 AEGL AEGL-3 0.19 60 AEGL AEGL-3 0.12 240 AEGL AEGL-3 0.088 480 AEGL Treon et al.
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Treon et al. 1949 Monkey 1 23 240 2 Adverse clinical effects, ocular irritation, coughing, lethargy Treon et al.
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308 TABLE C-1 Continued Source Species Sex No. Exposures ppm Minutes Category Comments Treon et al.
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