Identifying and Reducing Environmental Health Risks of Chemicals in Our Society Workshop Summary (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Glossary
Appendix A: Glossary
Pages 137-148
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From page 137... ...
. Biological pathway altering dose: exposure level at the low end of the distribution of the pathway-altering dose that is calculated with standard risk assessment approaches and in vitro assays to quantitatively characterize the chemical with high-throughput methods and estimate the external dose that would be required to perturb a biological pathway (Judson et al., 2011)
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From page 138... ...
. Direct and indirect exposure: direct exposure involves physical contact made between the chemical agent and individual (e.g., skin, lungs, gut)
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From page 139... ...
EPA: the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; mission to protect human health and the environment (EPA, 2014g)
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From page 140... ...
It is used by a wide range of professionals, government bodies, nonprofits, businesses, formulators, and product developers, and anybody interested in assessing the inherent hazards of chemicals and their potential effect on human health and the environment (Clean Production Action, 2014)
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From page 141... ...
. Life-cycle assessment: a systems-based approach to quantifying the human health and environmental impacts associated with a product's life from "cradle to grave." A full life-cycle assessment addresses all stages of the product life cycle and should take into account alternative uses as well as associated waste streams, raw material extraction, material transport and processing, product manufacturing, distribution and use, repair and maintenance, and wastes or emissions associated with a product, process, or service as well as end-of-life disposal, reuse, or recycling (EPA, 2013d)
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From page 142... ...
is a component of the EPA's Chemical Safety for Sustainability Research program and is focused on fostering practical applications on new methods in risk assessment (EPA, 2013e)
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From page 143... ...
. Risk assessment: identification and quantification of the risk resulting from a specific use or occurrence of a chemical or physical agent, taking into account possible harmful effects on individuals or populations exposed to the agent in the amount and manner proposed and all the possible routes of exposure (IUPAC, 2007)
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From page 144... ...
. Tox21: an interagency federal research program to use robotics technology to screen thousands of chemicals for potential toxicity, using screening data to predict the potential toxicity of chemicals and developing a cost-effective approach for prioritizing the thousands of chemicals that need toxicity testing (EPA, 2014a)
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From page 145... ...
: established by the Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act of 1989, TURI collaborates with businesses, community organizations, and government agencies to reduce the use of toxic chemicals, protect public health and the environment, and increase competitiveness of Massachusetts businesses (TURI, 2014)
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From page 146... ...
In Risk assessment guidance for Superfund Volume I human health evaluation manual (Part A)
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From page 147... ...
2014h. Summary of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
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From page 148... ...
2011. Estimating toxicity-related biological pathway altering doses for high throughput chemical risk assessment.
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Key Terms
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