Review of the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens (2014) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 18-31
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 18... ...
. The act directed DHHS to publish an annual report that includes a list of all substances that meet two conditions: a significant number of people living in the United States are exposed and the substance is either known to be a human carcinogen or reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
|
From page 19... ...
If so, the staff invite partnering agencies to review the substance, solicit public comments through the Federal Register, and develop a brief draft concept document with information on the substance, including exposure, major relevant issues, and approach to the cancer-evaluation component of the draft RoC. After consideration of comments from NTP's Board of Scientific Counselors and the public, the NTP director makes the final decision of whether the substance will be evaluated in a later RoC volume.
|
From page 20... ...
and by 1 The NTP Executive Committee is made up of the heads of the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Department of Defense, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug Administration, the National Cancer Institute, the National Center for Environmental Health, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The committee gives programmatic and policy advice to the NTP director.
|
From page 21... ...
to an unusual de gree with regard to incidence, site, or type of tumor, or age at onset, or there is less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans or laboratory animals; however, the agent, substance, or mixture belongs to a well-defined, structurally related class of substances whose members are listed in a previous Report on Carcinogens as either known to be a human carcinogen or reasona bly anticipated to be a human carcinogen, or there is convincing relevant infor mation that the agent acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans. Conclusions regarding carcinogenicity in humans or experimental animals are based on scientific judgment, with consideration given to all relevant information.
|
From page 22... ...
22 FIGURE 1-1 Schematic of the review process for the 12th Report on Carcinogens. Source: NTP 2011b.
|
From page 23... ...
. Another study indicated average occupational exposures to styrene rarely exceed 20 ppm (85 mg/m3)
|
From page 24... ...
In an update of IARC monograph volumes 1–42 in 1987, IARC listed styrene in group 2B (possibly carcinogenic in humans) on the basis of inadequate human data, limited evidence in animals, and supporting genotoxic data that showed its mutagenic potential.
|
From page 25... ...
The committee was also asked to undertake an independent assessment of styrene, which was to include documentation of its decisions for inclusion or exclusion of literature, identification of the most critical studies and information, application of the RoC listing criteria to the scientific evidence, and independent level-of-evidence determinations with respect to the human and animal studies. Considering all relevant information in accordance with the RoC listing criteria, the committee was asked to make an independent listing recommendation for styrene and provided scientific justification of its recommendation.
|
From page 26... ...
meeting substance profile was technically correct, was clearly stated, and supported NTP's preliminary listing of styrene in the 12th RoC. NTP's response to the expert panel NTP's review and response to expert panel reports.
|
From page 27... ...
NTP's response to public comments NTP's responses to public comments related to specific issues NTP 2011d from the expert panel report that were applicable to the substance profile; comments on the final background document, the review process, or nontechnical or nonscientific issues were excluded by NTP.
|
From page 28... ...
ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT The committee approached its statement of task by first doing a review, reported in Chapter 2, of the substance profile for styrene as presented in the 3 "Risk assessment is the use of the factual base to define the health effects of exposure of individuals or populations to hazardous materials and situations…. Risk assessments contain some or all of the following four steps: Hazard identification: the determination of whether a particular chemical is or is not causally linked to particular health effects.
|
From page 29... ...
Chapter 2 is organized according to the headings and subheadings of the substance profile and concludes with findings on the appropriateness of NTP's listing for styrene on the basis of the RoC listing criteria. Chapter 3 is the committee's independent assessment of the styrene literature, including literature pertaining to styrene carcinogenicity up to November 13, 2013.
|
From page 30... ...
NTP Executive Committee Interagency Scientific Review Group, October 29, 2008. NTP (National Toxicology Program)
|
From page 31... ...
. NTP (National Toxicology Program)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.