Research on Health Effects of Low-Level Ionizing Radiation Exposure Opportunities for the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: U.S. Radiation Research Programs
Appendix B: U.S. Radiation Research Programs
Pages 135-156
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sponsors research on the health ef fects of ionizing radiation in line with its mission to protect and preserve military-force readiness and the health of military personnel. In addition to the other work performed by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research 135
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The Agency has a continuing interest in the health effects of radiation and, as noted in Chapter 5, has undertaken three initiatives in the last 10 years related to ionizing radiation health effects. The first of these was a 2005 effort to develop technologies to minimize the warfighter's vulner ability to radiation exposures via vaccines and novel antidotes (DARPA, 2005)
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Low Dose Radiation Research Program DOE's Office of Science's Office of Biological and Environmental Re search established the Low Dose Radiation Research Program in 1999 (DOE, 2012)
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. Low Energy Nuclear Physics Research The Low-Energy subprogram studies the nuclear structure, astro hysics, p and fundamental symmetry and neutrinos at two Nuclear Physics Program user facilities.
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High-energy solar radiation from the sun, sun flare, and cosmic radiation originating in deep space pose unique challenges. Space Radiation Health Program NASA's Space Radiation Health Program, Office of Biological and Physical Research, and DOE jointly fund research to help understand the radiation risks associated with travel in space (NASA, 2014)
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The Radiation Effects Team supports research on health risks and mitigation strategies specifi cally related to cosmic radiation, with an emphasis on acute effects and on dosimetery to monitor and provide advance warning of risks inside the spacecraft and out. The NSBRI Center of Acute Radiation Research (CARR)
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REB additionally supports radiation dosimetry work to support the epidemiologic studies. Epidemiologic study activities at REB include • Efforts to identify and quantify the risk of cancer associated with ionizing and nonionizing radiation, especially at low-dose levels; • Characterization of the risk of radiation-induced cancer in terms of tissues at risk, dose response, biological effectiveness, dose rate, time since exposure, sex, age at exposure and at observation, and possible modifying influences of other environmental and host factors; • Methods for radiation-dose reconstruction for environmental, oc cupational, and medical exposures; • Applications of dosimetry in studies of countermeasures against radiological and nuclear threats; • Examination of biologically based models of radiation-induced carcinogenesis; • Case-control and cohort studies of cancer risk in populations ex posed to occupational, environmental, or medical diagnostic or therapeutic radiation; • Population-based studies to examine biomarkers of radiation ex posure; and • Individual variation in radiogenic risk associated with a wide range of demographic, racial or ethnic, geographic, physiologic, hor monal and immune function, and genetic factors.
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIAID's research focus on immunology, which includes research on adult bone marrow stem cells, transplantation, and immune reconstitu tion, is relevant to ionizing-radiation research because ionizing radiation can cause immunosuppression after damage to the hematopoietic cells. Its Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program is a focal point for such work.
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. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION Radiological Health Program The mission of FDA's Radiological Health Program is to pro tect the public from hazardous or unnecessary radiation exposure from r adiation-emitting electronic products.
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co ordinates the various offices and departments within the FDA to oversee the devel pment, availability, and safety of emergency medical counter o measures and the prevention of contamination, corruption, or disruption of medical supplies in a terrorist attack. OCET also administers the Medical Countermeasures initiative (MCMi)
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. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Radiobiology Research Team The Radiobiology Research Team of the FAA performs research on the effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiation on living systems, identi
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Those areas include waste management; emergency response; air and water; source reduction and management; naturally occurring radiation; cleanup and multi-agency programs; risk assessment and federal guidance; and environmental monitoring and data. Through these programs, EPA has responsibilities to assess and monitor human health risks resulting from envionmental radiation exposures; to set standards and regulations for r radio ctive emissions in air, water, and soil; to provide guidance for clean a up of contaminated sites; to communicate with the public about radiation risks such as radon; and to coordinate with other federal agencies for emer gency response and homeland security (EPA, 2012)
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Nuclear Weapons Tests study. The study aims to identify cancer risks in Cold War–era veterans who participated in at mospheric nuclear weapons tests (1946–1958)
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. SELECTED PRIVATE AND ACADEMIC LOW-LEVEL–RADIATION RESEARCH INITIATIVES Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute Research at the Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute includes eluci dating the biological bases for radiation-adaptive responses in the lung and for suppressing lung cancer and using the knowledge gained to produce an improved systems biology–based risk model for lung cancer induction by low-dose, low-LET radiation.
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. SELECTED NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
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Its research spans all aspects of power and is focused on both long- and short-term solutions. It includes a low-dose radiation research program that seeks to gain new knowledge about the biological effects and risks of low doses of radiation associated with the normal operation of nuclear power plants to ensure that workers and the public are adequately protected (Dauer et al., 2010; EPRI, 2009, 2011, 2014)
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2012. Low dose radiation research program.
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Radiation research program. http://rrp.cancer.gov (accessed January 2, 2014)
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Center for Acute Radiation Research. http://www.nsbri.org/SCIENCE and-TECHNOLOGY/Radiation-Effects/Team-Executive-Summary (accessed January 2, 2014)
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pdf Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response Biomedical Advanced Research and phe.gov/about/barda/Pages/cbrn.aspx Development Authority Division of Chemical, Biological, www.phe.gov/about/barda/Pages/cbrn.aspx Radiological and Nuclear Medical Countermeasures
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APPENDIX B 155 TABLE B-1 Continued Entity or Program Primary Web Addressa Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/ FDARadiologicalHealthProgram/ default.htm Center for Drug Evaluation and Research fda.gov/Drugs/EmergencyPreparedness/ default.htm Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging fda.gov/EmergencyPreparedness/ Threats Counterterrorism/default.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease atsdr.cdc.gov Registry National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Energy Research Program http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/oerp/default.htm Radiation Dose Reconstruction Program cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/ocasdose.html Flight Crew Research Program cdc.gov/niosh/topics/flightcrew Federal Aviation Administration Radiobiology Research Team faa.gov/data_research/research/ med_humanfacs/aeromedical/ radiobiology Environmental Protection Agency Radiation Protection Program epa.gov/radiation/basic/index.html Department of Veterans Affairs Public Health Epidemiology Program publichealth.va.gov/exposures/radiation/ index.asp Epidemiology Program publichealth.va.gov/exposures/radiation/ research.asp Department of State Bureau of International Security and state.gov/t/isn/index.htm Nonproliferation Bureau of Counterterrorism state.gov/j/ct Nuclear Regulatory Commission nrc.gov/about-nrc/history.html SELECTED PRIVATE AND ACADEMIC INITIATIVES Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute lrri.org Center for High-Throughput Minimally cmcr.columbia.edu Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registry ustur.wsu.edu SELECTED NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS National Council on Radiation Protection ncrponline.org and Measurements Electric Power Research Institute epri.com Radiation Countermeasures Center of radccore.org/home Research Excellence a Addresses valid on January 24, 2014.
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