Research on Health Effects of Low-Level Ionizing Radiation Exposure Opportunities for the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (2014) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction and Background
1 Introduction and Background
Pages 15-26
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 15... ...
THE ISSUE OF LOW-DOSE IONIZING RADIATION HEALTH EFFECTS Any discussion of low-dose radiation health effects requires defining what low means. Although often a relative term, major national and in ternational advisory bodies such as the International Commission on Ra diological Protection (ICRP)
|
From page 16... ...
about its role in low-dose radiation health effects research. When the committee asked for guidance on what "low-dose" means for AFRRI, which has traditionally focused on radia tion doses high enough to cause acute radiation syndrome, it was told that low-dose radiation was generally interpreted to mean doses that produce no observed acute radiation effects -- that is, doses lower than approximately 1 Gy (Huff, 2013)
|
From page 17... ...
.3 Service members may encounter low doses of ionizing radiation from many sources, including situations similar to those found in industry, medicine, nuclear power, and research settings in addition to the expo sures resulting from military operations (Blake and Komp, 2014)
|
From page 18... ...
3. Identify opportunities for the Armed Forces Radiobiological Re search Institute to advance its mission for understanding human health risks from exposures to low-level ionizing radiation, with special emphasis on Department of Defense military operations and personnel.
|
From page 19... ...
The commit tee partitioned their assessment into four research areas: countermeasures, dosimetry and biodosimetry, combined injury, and epidemiology. Their examination was focused on information published since major compre hensive reviews by other scientific bodies: the NRC's Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (known as the "BEIR VII" report [NRC, 2006]
|
From page 20... ...
Army, the Commit tee on Battlefield Radiation Exposure Criteria examined the technical and ethical aspects of military radiation protection and safety in instances of exposure to radiation doses too low to elicit acute effects but associated with long-term cancer risk. That effort focused on radiation doses up to 700 mSv.
|
From page 21... ...
That report, Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Depleted Uranium, determined that there continued to be inadequate or insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists between in-theater exposure and the cancer and noncancer health outcomes examined. However, the report noted that "[t]
|
From page 22... ...
. Radiation Exposure in Other Populations The report Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration examined factors influencing the exposure of astronauts to ion izing radiation and offered a strategic plan for developing appropriate miti gation capabilities.
|
From page 23... ...
The authoring committee had been charged with examining the demand for nuclear chemistry expertise and the supply of incoming skilled experts. The committee noted that although the demand for nuclear chemistry expertise was unlikely to decrease, the current labor force is approaching retirement age, with fewer incoming students in the field.
|
From page 24... ...
Workforce found that STEM activities in DoD are a small and diminishing part of the nation's overall science and engineering enterprise. The report presents five principal recommendations for attracting, retain ing, and managing highly qualified STEM talent within the department, on the basis of an examination of the current DoD labor force and the defense industrial base.
|
From page 25... ...
2013c. Responses to supplementary questions provided by the National Academy of Sciences concerning the statement of work for the Committee on Research Directions in Human Biological Effects of Low-Level Ionizing Radiation.
|
From page 26... ...
2012d. Technical evaluation of the NASA model for cancer risk to astronauts due to space radiation.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.