Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two First Report (2014) / Chapter Skim
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6 Review of Options to Reduce Energy Use of Trailers
6 Review of Options to Reduce Energy Use of Trailers
Pages 67-88
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From page 67... ...
The container horses are Class 8 tractors. Reduced tare weight is noted as a is on- and off-loaded to a chassis, which completes the trailer contributor to reduced energy consumption (or, alternatively, configuration (sometimes standard van trailers are also rail to marginally increased payload)
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From page 68... ...
important influence of vehicle speed on horsepower demand and the fuel consumption needed to overcome aerodynamic drag. The power required to overcome tire rolling resistance
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From page 69... ...
with the estimated fuel consumption reductions that might be Tractor manufacturers introduce design modifications realized for trailers with aerodynamic devices and present- periodically, and their advertisements often claim aerogeneration sleeper tractors. related performance improvements (including for engine performance)
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From page 70... ...
Tire Rolling Resistance Van Trailer Aerodynamics Nearly all heavy-truck tire manufacturers produce low rolling-resistance (LRR) tires for all wheel positions on Improvements to the aerodynamics of van trailers are tractor trailers, and many of these have been performance influenced by customer demand for reduced fuel con- verified by SmartWay.
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From page 71... ...
make fairings up less than 5% of the commercial truck tire market, but 9 Trailer boat tails ≥1 their use is increasing due to fleets' desires to reduce fuel 9 consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Since 2000 Trailer gap reducers ≥1 4 when first introduced by Michelin, many fleets have tried LRR tires (new)
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From page 72... ...
Trailers must also use verified life of these tires may lead to an increase in the number of LRR tires. Aerodynamic devices designed to be retrofitted newly manufactured tires and retreads, thereby generating onto trailers must be tested to demonstrate their fuel reducadditional life-cycle GHG emissions.
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From page 73... ...
7 and 8 tractor manufacturers all highlight aerodynamics and Scale-model wind tunnel testing for trailers is also being fuel efficiency of their trucks, but they continue to produce conducted to establish correlation to on-road performance. some Class 8 models that offer the "classic look," which does Scale-model wind tunnel testing could reduce the cost of not utilize hood shapes and fuel tank covers that reduce aero- verification for trailer aerodynamic devices.
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From page 74... ...
includes the performance of a default van trailer for line • The regulation requires tractors and trailers of MY haul trucks. EPA indicates it only has the authority to set 2011 and later to meet SmartWay requirements as requirements for new trailers, whereas the CARB regulation follows: All 53+ ft van trailers regardless of what type requires existing trailers to install aerodynamic devices and of tractor is pulling them; all sleeper cab tractors if existing tractors and trailers to use LRR tires.13 pulling a 53+ ft van trailer of any MY.
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From page 75... ...
. There are numerous SAE-recommended practice pro- SAE J1264 Type I was revised in 2011 and is a recomtocols available to evaluate the aerodynamic performance mended practice "providing minimum requirements for of commercial vehicles and aerodynamic devices.
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From page 76... ...
S/W Duals S/W WBSTs SmartWay fully 38 83 17 Aerodynamic Devices on Van Trailers compliant b Aero sleeper c 23 67 17 The committee oversaw the collection of information on the use of aerodynamic devices on trailers by observing Day cab w/roof 26 49 5 fairing and/or nearly 5,000 tractor/trailers operating on interstate highways other aero in seven parts of the country. Persons with knowledge of trucking were provided photographs of the trucks, trailers, Day cab, no added 8 49 6 fairings and aerodynamic devices of interest and instruction on how to conduct the informal surveys.
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From page 77... ...
• Michigan, I94, 26 mi west of Ann Arbor, eastbound Trailer manufacturers say that their customers request and westbound; trailers with aerodynamic devices to comply with the CARB • Pennsylvania, I81, 29 mi, south of Harrisburg, north- regulation as much as to save fuel. Customers with high gross bound and southbound; and weight operations have requested trailer weight reduction to • Maryland, I95, 25 mi north of Washington, D.C., increase payload rather than to achieve fuel savings.
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From page 78... ...
The data in Table 6-6 show manufacturer reported a 200 percent year-over-year increase that over the past 5 years both the number of companies in sales. This aerodynamics solution may become the next making aerodynamic devices and the number of devices low-hanging fruit to harvest since fuel savings from these have increased more than sixfold.
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From page 79... ...
The other 40 percent of trail ers that could benefit from aerodynamic devices such as side skirts and LRR tires include the shorter dry van trailers often used in dual trailer applications, flatbeds, and container chassis (both sea and domestic)
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From page 80... ...
Trailer manufacturers report that weight reduction consumption without such devices, there is no incentive is the principal incentive for WBSTs on trailers. for a trailer owner who does not own a tractor to purchase Replacement tire sales in the total commercial MHDV aerodynamic-equipped trailers or add aerodynamic devices industry outpace those for original equipment application by to existing trailers.
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From page 81... ...
Likewise, many trailer manufacturers report use of SmartWay LRR tires on 75 percent or more of • Because carriers drive tire selection more than do their trailer production, which comports with the RMA data. tractor and trailer manufacturers, their highly varying The share of SmartWay-verified conventional replace- experiences are what most influences purchases.
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From page 82... ...
Overall, about half of SmartWay-verified LRR tire usage is for new equipment and 42 percent for replacement tires. There are 18 or more manufacturers of various types of Greater use of LRR tires on new tractors could occur as a commercial vehicle tire pressure monitors in North America.
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From page 83... ...
aerodynamic devices on van trailers, in particular side skirts, provides a full return on investment through fuel savings in Recommendation 6.2: NHTSA, in coordination with EPA, about 1 year, on average. Yet the majority of both new and should determine whether it would be practical and costin-use van trailers currently do not use these fuel-saving effective to include along with the regulation of van trailers devices.
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From page 84... ...
If additional users updated test data and fuel savings of efficient trailers, cost-effective fuel savings can be achieved, NHTSA should aerodynamic devices, and tires, especially to those not par- adopt a regulation establishing a low-rolling-resistance perticipating in the SmartWay program. This should increase formance standard for all new tires designed for tractor and end user confidence in fuel savings and device reliability.
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From page 85... ...
2007. Tire Pressure Monitoring and North American Council for Freight Efficiency (NACFE)
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From page 86... ...
development? For described products, report SmartWay aerodynamic Which corporate entity do you think should be responsible performance (and test procedure used for each: J1321 track, for trailer performance certification in the event of a greenwind tunnel, coast-down, other)
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From page 87... ...
The purpose was to explore tions working at 10 locations, individually or in teams. The the hypothesis that van trailers operating in, or destined for, day and time of the observations was at the discretion of California, which is the only state currently requiring the these individuals and did not follow a pre-set sampling plan, use of aerodynamic devices, would have a higher observed so the results of this informal survey cannot be generalized.
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