Ranking Vaccines Applications of a Prioritization Software Tool: Phase III: Use Case Studies and Data Framework (2015) / Chapter Skim
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, introduced an analytical model that employed multi-attribute utility theory, a specific version of the general class of multi-criteria decision-analysis tools. The decision to use multi-attribute utility modeling represents an important change from the previous IOM approaches to prioritizing vaccines for development.
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The Phase II committee issued specific guiding principles for the future development of SMART Vaccines in its report Ranking Vaccines: A Prioritization Software Tool (IOM, 2013)
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Demographic • Benefits Infants and Children Considerations • Benefits Women • Benefits Socioeconomically Disadvantaged • Benefits Military Personnel • Benefits Other Priority Population Public Concerns • Availability of Alternative Public Health Measures • Potential Complications Due to Vaccines • Disease Raises Fear and Stigma in the Public • Serious Pandemic Potential Scientific • Likelihood of Financial Profitability for the Manufacturer and Business • Demonstrates New Production Platforms Considerations • Existing or Adaptable Manufacturing Techniques • Potential Litigation Barriers Beyond Usual • Interests from NGOs and Philanthropic Organizations Programmatic • Potential to Improve Delivery Methods Considerations • Fits into Existing Immunization Schedules • Reduces Challenges Relating to Cold-Chain Requirements Intangible Values • Eradication or Elimination of the Disease • Vaccine Raises Public Health Awareness Policy • Interest for National Security, Preparedness, and Response Considerations • Advances Nation's Foreign Policy Goals User-Defined • Up to Seven Attributes Attributes NOTE: DALYs = disability-adjusted life years; NGOs = nongovernmental organizations; QALYs = qualityadjusted life years. interested in product profile improvements, among other aspects of vaccines and pharmaceuticals; and donor foundations and global and regional vaccine initiatives involved in or supporting vaccine-implementation programs.
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8) Enhancement of SMART Vaccines This report, Ranking Vaccines: Applications of a Prioritization Software Tool, describes the Phase III work of the committee, which was established by the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Engineering to enhance SMART Vaccines 1.0 for prioritizing new preventive vaccines.
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Task 2: Based on the use case scenarios, compile one new dataset for each of the two vaccine candidates to be compared per user. Develop a frame work for a data warehouse and data estimation strategy to support the software.
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These datasets compiled by the user groups in conjunction with the committee are available upon request through the Public Access Records Office accessible from the Current Projects System page of the National Academies website. A software usability expert from Microsoft Corporation conducted the use case studies with the user groups to report on their experiences and feedback for enhancing SMART Vaccines.
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Data Framework The committee was charged with developing a framework for a data warehouse and for a data estimation strategy to support the software. The committee's response to this task comes in three parts.
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Overall, the committee believes that the community of users will be best served by having the host organization manage a central data warehouse, organized through a data quality control mechanism and a wellsupported relational database management system. This system would allow input from users and data creators through a standard spreadsheet format and would also create output reports that feed directly into SMART Vaccines to add new data -- demographics, disease burden, treatment cost, and vaccine characteristics.
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The committee believes that the best hosting organization will not only have a significant international presence and reputation, but also best serve the user community if it is a -- or p artners with a -- research-intensive institution of higher education. The committee believes that research universities, especially those with a global public health focus, can bring assets to the forefront, including the ready availability of professional expertise pertinent to the endeavor such as the ability to create training modules involving the use of SMART Vaccines at multiple levels and the ability to involve health science and policy students in the production of new or updated datasets for use with SMART Vaccines in a crowdsourcing approach to a broader, globally useful data warehouse development.
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SMART Vaccines offers a first-of-its-kind p latform -- a decision-support tool and a discussion facilitator that uses a range of attributes that were previously unavailable for analyses in a single tool and for a wide range of decision makers. The initial user group evaluations and the positive feedback that the software has generated offer great confidence to the committee about the potential applications and extensions of SMART Vaccines for global public health.
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