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5 Ethylene Chlorohydrin Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
Pages 262-288

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From page 262...
... Both the document and the AEGL values were then reviewed by the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels.
From page 263...
... Airborne concentrations below the AEGL-1 represent exposure concentrations that could produce mild and progressively increasing but transient and nondisabling odor, taste, and sensory irritation or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. With increasing airborne concentrations above each AEGL, there is a progressive increase in the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of effects described for each corresponding AEGL.
From page 264...
... Ethylene chlorohydrin does not appear to be a direct-contact irritant and death in animals does not appear to be a function of damaged epithelial tissue of the respiratory tract; however, the available data are not sufficient to conclusively describe the mechanism of toxicity. The AEGL values for ethylene chlorohydrin are presented in Table 5-1.
From page 265...
... also reported a fatality following exposure to ethylene chlorohydrin vapor. In one case, a worker became ill after exposure for about 1.5 h to vapors of ethylene chlorohydrin and ethylene dichloride while performing maintenance in an ethylene chlorohydrin tower.
From page 266...
... Post-exposure estimates of the concentration of petroleum solvents and ethylene chlorohydrin were determined by resuming the cleaning operation and measuring the exposure concentration at the breathing level. The petroleum solvent concentration was 150-400 ppm and the average ethylene chlorohydrin concentration was estimated to be 305 ppm.
From page 267...
... Only qualitative information is available regarding the inhalation toxicity of ethylene chlorohydrin in humans. The available reports lack details about exposure and involved concurrent exposure to other chemicals.
From page 268...
... The reporting limitations associated with this study (lack of measured or estimated exposure concentrations, lack of lethality data) preclude the use of these data in deriving AEGL values.
From page 269...
... TABLE 5-4 Lethality in Mice Following Single Exposure to Ethylene Chlorohydrin Concentrationa Duration (min) Effect 0.001 g/L (280 ppm)
From page 270...
... TABLE 5-5 Lethality in Guinea Pigs Following Single Exposure to Ethylene Chlorohydrin Concentrationa Exposure Duration (min) Effect 0.003 g/L (840 ppm)
From page 271...
... 3.2.6. Summary of Nonlethal Toxicity in Animals Available data do not precisely characterize the concentration-response relationship for nonlethal effects of exposure to ethylene chlorohydrin vapor.
From page 272...
... No information is available regarding the developmental and reproductive toxicity or carcinogenicity of ethylene chlorohydrin in animals following inhalation exposure. The chemical is considered a weak base-pair substitution mutagen in bacteria, but is essentially negative in other test systems such as fungi, D
From page 273...
... reported that inhalation exposure of rats (chamber exposure or via a tracheal cannula) produced neither respiratory disturbances nor effects on blood pressure.
From page 274...
... DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-1 5.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1 Studies in humans show that nonlethal exposure to ethylene chlorohydrin causes several effects which exceed the definition of both AEGL- 1 and AEGL2 effects, including vomiting, dizziness, diminished vision, shock, depressed circulation, incoordination, confusion, and mild narcotic effects (Goldblatt and Chiesman 1944; Bush et al.
From page 275...
... . Although the animal data do not precisely describe the exposure-response relationship for inhalation exposure to ethylene chlorohydrin vapor, the data do differentiate between nonlethal and lethal exposures.
From page 276...
... Animals exhibited a wide range of effects during exposure, including eye closure, nasal irritation, labored respiration, and decreased activity. Signs and toxicity and limited necropsy findings suggested multiple organ and system involvement (cyanosis, dark blood, renal medullary hemorrhage, hemolysis, detached convoluted tubules, areas of collapse in the lungs, pulmonary congestion, and pulmonary edema)
From page 277...
... The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
From page 278...
... The PEL for ethylene chlorohydrin includes a skin notation. c TLV-C (threshold limit value – ceiling, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists)
From page 279...
... Quantitative animal data are available from a few inhalation studies of rats, mice, guinea pigs, cats, and rabbits. The data demonstrate toxicity outcomes in animals that are similar to those observed in humans.
From page 280...
... 2001. Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals.
From page 281...
... 1986. Concentration-time mortality response relationship of irritant and systemically acting vapours and gases.
From page 282...
... Uncertainty factors: 10 for interspecies differences 10 for intraspecies variability; ethylene chlorohydrin does not appear to be a direct-contact irritant and death in animals does not appear to be a function of damaged respiratory tract epithelial tissue. In the absence of data
From page 283...
... Modifying factor: None applied Calculation: (280 ppm)
From page 284...
... Animal lethality data indicate a steep exposureresponse relationship for ethylene chlorohydrin.
From page 285...
... Modifying factor: None applied Animal-to-human dosimetric adjustment: Not applicable Time scaling: Cn × t = k, where n = 1 for extrapolation to longer durations or n = 3 for extrapolation to shorter durations (NRC 2001) Data adequacy: Marginal; the exposure-response relationship is not fully defined by the available data; animal data are based on exposures with only three animals per group.
From page 286...
... 286 Accute Exposure Guideline Levels AP PPENDIX C CATEGORY Y PLOT FOR R ETHYLENE E CHLOROH HYDRIN FIGUR RE C-1 Category y plot of toxicity y data and AEGL L values for ethyylene chlorohydrrin.
From page 287...
... Rat 1 1,120 30 3 100% lethality. Rat 1 678 60 3 Lethal Rat 1 226 120 1 Nonlethal; no details but minor effects possible.
From page 288...
... Patty 1963 Rat 1 32 240 3 LC50 no details. Dierker and Brown 1944 Human 1 300 120 3 Human lethality (estimated exposure concentration)


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