Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 17 (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 429-457
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8 Hydrogen Bromide1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels PREFACE Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
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430 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m3) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
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Hydrogen Bromide 431 The AEGL-1 values for HBr are based on a study of six human volunteers exposed at 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 ppm for several minutes (CT Department of Health, unpublished data, 1955, as cited in ACGIH 2002)
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432 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 8-1 AEGL Values for Hydrogen Bromide Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h End Point (Reference) AEGL-1 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm Threshold for nasal (nondisabling)
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Hydrogen Bromide 433 isch 1992)
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434 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 8-3 Human Responses to Hydrogen Bromide Vapor Number of Subjects (n = 6) Reporting Responses Response 2 ppm 3 ppm 4 ppm 5 ppm 6 ppm Detectable odor 6 6 6 6 6 Nasal irritation 0 1 3 6 6 Throat irritation 0 1 1 1 1 Ocular irritation 0 0 0 0 0 Source: Adapted from ACGIH 2002.
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Hydrogen Bromide 435 derived rats to HBr at 2,205-3,822 ppm for 1 h (Table 8-4)
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436 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 8-5 Summary of Acute Lethality Data on Hydrogen Bromide in Rats and Mice Species Concentration (ppm) Exposure Time Effect Reference Rat 1,300 30 min 8% mortality Stavert et al.
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Hydrogen Bromide 437 limits of 701-947 ppm) (Table 8-5)
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438 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.3. Neurotoxicity No information on the neurotoxicity of HBr in animals was found.
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Hydrogen Bromide 439 4.2. Mechanism of Toxicity The available studies indicate that the hydrogen halides are severe irritants to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, particularly the anterior nasal passages where, depending on concentration, they appear to be effectively scrubbed from the inhaled air.
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440 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 8-7 Relative Toxicities of Hydrogen Fluoride, Hydrogen Chloride, and Hydrogen Bromide Exposure LC50 Values (ppm) Species Duration HF HCl HBr Reference Rat 5 min 18,200 41,000 – Higgins et al.
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Hydrogen Bromide 441 based on the equation Cn × t = k, with default values of n = 3 for extrapolation to shorter exposure durations and n = 1 for extrapolation to longer exposure durations (NRC 2001)
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442 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels ppm) ; the latter is based on a no-effect level for irritation in exercising asthmatics.
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Hydrogen Bromide 443 TABLE 8-8 AEGL-1 Values for Hydrogen Bromide 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm (3.3 mg/m3)
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444 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 8-9 AEGL-2 Values for Hydrogen Bromide 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 250 ppm 83 ppm 40 ppm 10 ppm 5 ppm (830 mg/m3)
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Hydrogen Bromide 445 based on analogy with HCl (NIOSH 1994)
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446 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 8-13 Standards and Guidelines for Hydrogen Bromide Exposure Duration Guideline 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h AEGL-1 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm AEGL-2 250 ppm 83 ppm 40 ppm 10 ppm 5 ppm AEGL-3 740 ppm 250 ppm 120 ppm 31 ppm 15 ppm b IDLH (NIOSH)
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Hydrogen Bromide 447 available; thus, the data were considered adequate to derive AEGL-1 and 3 values for HBr. The database was not considered suitable for AEGL-2 values; the AEGL-3 values were divided by 3 to derive AEGL-2 values for HBr.
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448 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Lehnert, B.E., and D.M. Stavert.
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Hydrogen Bromide 449 APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES FOR HYDROGEN BROMIDE Derivation of AEGL-1 Values Key study: CT Department of Health, unpublished data (1955, as cited in ACGIH 2002) Toxicity end point: Nasal and throat irritation in one of six subjects to HBr at 3 ppm for several minutes Time scaling: No time scaling, because there is adaptation to slight irritation.
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450 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Time scaling: Cn × t = k; n = 1 on the basis of lethality data on HCl in rats (1,238.95 ppm ÷ 10) × 60 min = 7,433.7 ppm-min Uncertainty factors: 3 for interspecies differences; a direct-contact irritant is not expected to vary greatly between species (NRC 2001)
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Hydrog gen Bromide 4451 AP PPENDIX B GORY PLOT FOR CATEG F HYDRO OGEN BROM MIDE FIGUR RE B-1 Category y plot of toxicity data and AEGL L values for hydrrogen bromide.
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452 TABLE B-1 Data Used in the Category Plot for Hydrogen Bromide Source Species ppm Minutes Category AEGL-1 1.0 10 AEGL AEGL-1 1.0 30 AEGL AEGL-1 1.0 60 AEGL AEGL-1 1.0 240 AEGL AEGL-1 1.0 480 AEGL AEGL-2 250 10 AEGL AEGL-2 83 30 AEGL AEGL-2 40 60 AEGL AEGL-2 10 240 AEGL AEGL-2 5 480 AEGL AEGL-3 740 10 AEGL AEGL-3 250 30 AEGL AEGL-3 120 60 AEGL AEGL-3 31 240 AEGL AEGL-3 15 480 AEGL CT State Dept. Health 1955 Human 2 5 0, no irritation CT State Dept.
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CT State Dept. Health 1955 Human 5 5 1, nasal and throat irritation, 6 subjects CT State Dept.
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454 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX C BENCHMARK CONCENTRATION CALCULATION Hydrogen bromide BMCL05 Probit Model. (Version: 2.8; Date: 02/20/2007)
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Hydrogen Bromide 455 Parameter Estimates 95.0% Wald Confidence Interval Variable Estimate Standard Error Lower Conf. Limit Upper Conf.
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456 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX D ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS FOR HYDROGEN BROMIDE Derivation Summary AEGL-1 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm 1.0 ppm Key reference: Connecticut State Department of Health.
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Hydrogen Bromide 457 AEGL-2 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 250 ppm 83 ppm 40 ppm 10 ppm 5 ppm Data adequacy: The database on HBr is inadequate, so AEGL-2 values were derived by dividing the AEGL-3 values by 3. This is supported by the steep concentration-response curve observed in the lethality studies by MacEwen and Vernot (1972)
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