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From page 313... ... , 212, 213-214 Almarez, Rudolph, 61 Alternative therapies, 90, 99 American Foundation for AIDS Research, 101, 110 American Medical Association, 28, 32 Amphotericin B 49 Antibody testing, see Testing and screening ARC, see AIDS-related complex Asymptomatic HIV-positive population, 21, 24, 29, 92 in prisons, 16, 186- 187 Read the entire page →
From page 314... ... , 21, 23-24,31,32-33,59,119- 120 Certification of professionals, 41, 55, 68 Charitable contributions, 123,161,169171 Children, 17-18,105,131,203-215, 236-237,279 in clinical trials, 18,105,218-219 of infected mothers, 18,203-204, 289 in New York City, 279,289-291 see also Foster care; Perinatal transmission Cholera, 5, 126 Christian Broadcasting Network, 131 Christianity, 123,127-129 doctrinal responses to AIDS, 15, 129- 149 passim and epidemics, 5, 6,125- 127 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) , 103-104 Churches, see Religion and religious groups Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 143-144 Citizens' Commission on AIDS, 295 Civil rights, see Rights and liberties Clinical research, see Clinical trials; Drugs, development of; Experimental treatment Clinical trials, 13, 95-97, 99-104 access to, 100, 104-108 advisory boards for, 83, 96, 97 and alternative treatments, 99 AZT, 91 and children, 18, 105, 218-219 double-blind, 82 ethical issues, 82-84, 87-88, 103, 105, 107-108, 112-113 Read the entire page →
From page 315... ... 101-102 Condoms, 128, 146-147, 184-185, 292294 Confidentiality, see Privacy and confidentiality Consumer activism, see Advocacy and activist groups Contact tracing, 5-6, 31-33 Correctional system, see Prisons and prisoners Costs of care, 12, 68-71, 72 clinical trials, 95, 97 control of, 53, 54 volunteers contribution toward, 158 Counseling for HIV testing, 27-28 Criminal statutes, 36-37 Cryptococcal meningitis, 49 Cutter incident, 85 Cytomegalovirus retinitis, 52 D Death and dying, 52, 160-161 Delaney, Martin, 101-102 Dentists, with AIDS, 61 Dideoxyinosine (ddI) , 94-95, 97, 105 315 Dignity USA, 136 Disclosure, see Informed consent; Partner notification; Reporting of cases Divine punishment, plagues as, 15, 125 126,128 Doctors, see Physicians Domestic partnerships, 18,219-221, 237-238 in New York City, 18,230-236 San Francisco ordinance, 18,221 230 access to, 12,70,91,92,95,97,100 alternative, 90 development of, 13- 14,67,80-81, 97-99 regulation of, 13-14,84-87,90,9295,112 see also Amphotericin B.; AZT; Clinical trials; Compound Q; Dideoxyinosine; Fluconazole; Gancyclovir; HPA-23; Intravenous drug use and users; Methadone maintenance programs; Pentamidine; Suramin; Vaccines EEarly identification and treatment, 28, 29,30-32,40,42 Economic issues, see Costs of care; a. Read the entire page →
From page 316... ... , 85, 86, 87, 91, 92-93, 97, 102, 167 Foster care, 18.105, 210, 213-215, 218 in Miami, 209 in New York City, 206-208, 209-210 Fundamentalist beliefs, 131-136, 143 G Gancyclovir, 52 Gay community, 8-9, 10, 26-28, 41-42, 104 activism, 92, 166-169, 263-265 domestic partnerships, 18, 219-236, 237-238 in New York City, 256, 258-268, 272-273 as patients, 64, 100 in prisons, 186, 187 and religion, 1 S 119, 127- 149 passim, 226-227 volunteerism and volunteer groups, 14-15, 158, 160, 162-163, 168172, 265 Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC,, 28, 101, 160, 162, 169, 170, 262-263, 264, 267-268 Government, see Federal aid programs; Prisons and prisoners; Public health systems; Regulations; State public health and welfare systems Greeley, Andrew, 132- 133 Guidelines, clinical trials, 105, 106 HIV-positive health care workers, 62-63 infection control, 12, S9, 62-63 H Harlem Hospital, 289-291 Hatch, Orrin, 63 Health care system, 7-8, 11 - 13, 46-48 financing, 11, 12, 47, 68-72 in New York City, 271-279 service delivery, 48-50, 71-72 Read the entire page →
From page 317... ... 268-269 High-technology care, 52, 53 Hispanic community, 151, 171 - 172 gay men, 265-267 in New York City, 265-267, 277-278 Hockenberry, Clint, 228-229 Home health care, 53, 68, 71, 165 Homosexuality, viewed as a sin, 15, 127-149 passim see also Gay community Hospices, 51-52, 165 Hospitalization, 12, 52-53 Hospitals, 28, 48-49, 50-51, 53 in New York City, 68-69, 271-274 volunteers in, 163-164 Housing rights, New York City case, 18, 230-236 HPA-23, 90 317 Hudson, Rock, 90 Human experimentation, 87-88, 1 13, see also Clinical trials I Immunization, see Vaccines Incarnation Children's Center (ICC) , 290-29 1 Incidence, 1, 7, 61, 67 among health care workers, 61 among hospital patients, 59-60 among prisoners, 16, 180- 181 calculation of, 19-21 in New York City, 245-259 Incubation period, 19-21 Indiana v. Read the entire page →
From page 318... ... , 91, 97, 100, 109 National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects, 87-88 National Commission on AIDS, 63 National Community AIDS Partnership, 170 National Council of Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., 129 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) , 96, 101 see also AIDS Clinical Trials Groups National Institutes of Health, 34, 104, 106 Read the entire page →
From page 319... ... , 29, 51, 71, 90, 91, 92, 98 Polio, 98 vaccine, 83-84, 85 Poverty and the poor experimental drug access, 95 incarceration of, 16, 179 in New York City, 267-268, 275276, 279 pregnancy and children, 217, 279 see also Indigent care Pregnancy, see Maternity and pregnancy; Perinatal transmission Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., 145- 146 Presidential Commission on the HIV Epidemic, 36 Preventive medicine, 37-38, 40 Primary care and clinical trials, 100 specialties, 56-57 Prisons and prisoners, 16- 17, 176- 181, 195-196 conjugal visits, 187, 296n Read the entire page →
From page 320... ... 320 health care systems, 17, 188-194, 283-285 isolation of HIV-positive inmates, 16-17, 177, 185-187 in New York, 16, 17, 180-181, 190, 280-285 screening of inmates, 16, 176-177, 180-182 seroprevalence of inmates, 16, 180 181 transfer and release, 193 - 194 Privacy and confidentiality, 11, 17-18, 26, 217 and case reporting, 25, 26, 30-31 and contact tracing, 32 and physicians' duty to inform, 3334 in prisons, 181 Professional obligation, 65-66 Project Inform, 28, 101 -102, 110 Prostitution, 37 Protocol 076, 106- 108 Provider referral model, 33 Psychological support services, 165- 166 Publications, see Journals, peerreviewed; Newsletters Public Health Service, 70, 110 Public health systems, 5-6, 9-11, 21, 23-27, 41-43 criminal statutes, 36-37 in New York City, 274-279 as primary care provider, 24, 38-40, 42-43 testing policies, 28-29 see also Clinics; Contact tracing; Medicaid; Partner notification; Preventive medicine; Quarantine; Reporting of cases; State public health and welfare systems Puerto Ricans, 277-278 Pure Food and Drug Act, 84 Q Quarantine, 5, 25, 26-27, 34-36 Quinn, John R., 138-139 INDEX R Racial and ethnic groups, 29, 42 community-based organizations, 171-172 gay men, 265-267 incarceration of, 16, 179, 281 in New York, 265-267, 273, 275276, 277-278, 288-289 see also specific groups Randomized clinical trials, 81-84, 8587, 111-112 Ratzinger, Cardinal, 146 Recruitment of professionals, 55-58 Registries, 25, 26, 30 Regulations drugs, 13-14, 84-87, 90, 92-95, 112 home-based care, 53 prisoner protection, 17, 192-193 Religion and religious groups, 15-16, 117-124 as care providers, 15, 130, 139-140, 149-153 doctrinal responses to AIDS, 15-16, 129-149, 152-153 and epidemics, 5, 6, 124-127, 128 129 and gay community and lifestyle, 15, 119, 127- 149 passim, 226-227 Rent-controlled housing, New York City case, 230-236 Reporting of cases, 21, 25, 26, 30-31 Research, see Clinical trials; Drugs, development of; Experimental treatment; Human experimentation; Peer-review process Rights and liberties, 8, 25-26, 216 and mandatory testing, 17- 18 of parents, 17-18, 216-218 of patients, 11, 26, 89, 90 and quarantine, 35 see also Privacy and confidentiality Rikers Island, New York City, 188, 283-284 Risk of infection, see Behavioral risks; Intravenous drug use and users; Read the entire page →
From page 321... ... , 5-6, 38, 262, 275 clinics, 39-40 as public health model, 28, 32-33 Shanti Project, 165 Sider, Ronald, 135 Sierra Health Foundation, 55 Single-disease medical centers, 50-51, 70 Socially marginalized groups, see Gay community; Intravenous drug use and users; Poverty and the poor; Racial and ethnic groups 321 Soluble CD4, 97 Southern Baptist Convention, 123, 135, 138, 140 Specialization of health care, 11-12, 4951, 55-57 Spousal notification, 34 Staffing, see Health care workers; Nurses; Physicians Stanley, Charles, 138 State public health and welfare systems, 23, 40-41, 212-214, 218- 219 case reporting, 31 contact tracing, 32-33 criminal statutes, 36-37 quarantine, 35-36 see also Aid to Families with Dependent Children; Medicaid State v. Kearns, 37 Stigmatized groups, see Gay community; Intravenous drug use and users; Poverty and the poor; Racial and ethnic groups Streptomycin trials, 83 Suicide, 165-166 Sullivan, Louis, 63 Suramin, 90-91 Surrogate markers, 103-104 Surveillance systems, 21, 23-24 Swing, William E., 138 Syphilis, Tuskegee experiment, 87 T Tarasoffv. Read the entire page →
From page 322... ... 322 of pregnant women, 17- 18, 28-29, 215-216 for tuberculosis, 39 Thalidomide, 85 Theology, see Religion and religious groups Therapeutic agents, see Drugs Therapeutic indifference, 82-83 Transmission of HIV perinatal, 17, 106- 108, 202, 288-289 among prisoners, 16, 182-184 between providers and patients, 11, 12, 29, 49, 58-63 Treatment Issues, 101 Tuberculosis, 36, 39, 188-189, 275-277 as public health practices model, 3031 streptomycin trials, 83 Tuskegee syphilis experiment, 87 U Uninsured population, 11, 12- 13, 46, 69 Union of American Hebrew Congregations, see Judaism United Methodist Church, 148-149 Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches, 129 Universal precautions, 12, 59, 62, 68 University of Medicine and Dentistry, Newark, 60 Unmarried couples, see Domestic partnerships U.S. Catholic Conference, 146, 147 INDEX V Vaccines, 67 for polio, 83-84, 85 Venereal diseases, see Sexually transmitted diseases Volunteers and volunteer organizations, 8, 14-15, 158-166, 173, 265 and drug users, 172-173 and minorities, 171-172 see also Advocacy and activist groups; Community-based organizations; Gay Men's Health Crisis W Whitman-Walker Clinic, 165 Women in clinical trials, 105- 108 and cocaine, 269-271 incarceration of, 179, 280-281 in New York City, 251-253, 257, 258, 269-271, 278, 286-289 see also Maternity and pregnancy Workers' compensation, 60-61 y Yarchoan, Robert, 91 Yellow fever, 125- 126 z Zidovudine, see AZT Read the entire page →

From page 313...

... , 212, 213-214 Almarez, Rudolph, 61 Alternative therapies, 90, 99 American Foundation for AIDS Research, 101, 110 American Medical Association, 28, 32 Amphotericin B 49 Antibody testing, see Testing and screening ARC, see AIDS-related complex Asymptomatic HIV-positive population, 21, 24, 29, 92 in prisons, 16, 186- 187

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From page 314...

... , 21, 23-24,31,32-33,59,119- 120 Certification of professionals, 41, 55, 68 Charitable contributions, 123,161,169171 Children, 17-18,105,131,203-215, 236-237,279 in clinical trials, 18,105,218-219 of infected mothers, 18,203-204, 289 in New York City, 279,289-291 see also Foster care; Perinatal transmission Cholera, 5, 126 Christian Broadcasting Network, 131 Christianity, 123,127-129 doctrinal responses to AIDS, 15, 129- 149 passim and epidemics, 5, 6,125- 127 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) , 103-104 Churches, see Religion and religious groups Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 143-144 Citizens' Commission on AIDS, 295 Civil rights, see Rights and liberties Clinical research, see Clinical trials; Drugs, development of; Experimental treatment Clinical trials, 13, 95-97, 99-104 access to, 100, 104-108 advisory boards for, 83, 96, 97 and alternative treatments, 99 AZT, 91 and children, 18, 105, 218-219 double-blind, 82 ethical issues, 82-84, 87-88, 103, 105, 107-108, 112-113

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From page 315...

... 101-102 Condoms, 128, 146-147, 184-185, 292294 Confidentiality, see Privacy and confidentiality Consumer activism, see Advocacy and activist groups Contact tracing, 5-6, 31-33 Correctional system, see Prisons and prisoners Costs of care, 12, 68-71, 72 clinical trials, 95, 97 control of, 53, 54 volunteers contribution toward, 158 Counseling for HIV testing, 27-28 Criminal statutes, 36-37 Cryptococcal meningitis, 49 Cutter incident, 85 Cytomegalovirus retinitis, 52 D Death and dying, 52, 160-161 Delaney, Martin, 101-102 Dentists, with AIDS, 61 Dideoxyinosine (ddI) , 94-95, 97, 105 315 Dignity USA, 136 Disclosure, see Informed consent; Partner notification; Reporting of cases Divine punishment, plagues as, 15, 125 126,128 Doctors, see Physicians Domestic partnerships, 18,219-221, 237-238 in New York City, 18,230-236 San Francisco ordinance, 18,221 230 access to, 12,70,91,92,95,97,100 alternative, 90 development of, 13- 14,67,80-81, 97-99 regulation of, 13-14,84-87,90,9295,112 see also Amphotericin B.; AZT; Clinical trials; Compound Q; Dideoxyinosine; Fluconazole; Gancyclovir; HPA-23; Intravenous drug use and users; Methadone maintenance programs; Pentamidine; Suramin; Vaccines EEarly identification and treatment, 28, 29,30-32,40,42 Economic issues, see Costs of care; a.

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From page 316...

... , 85, 86, 87, 91, 92-93, 97, 102, 167 Foster care, 18.105, 210, 213-215, 218 in Miami, 209 in New York City, 206-208, 209-210 Fundamentalist beliefs, 131-136, 143 G Gancyclovir, 52 Gay community, 8-9, 10, 26-28, 41-42, 104 activism, 92, 166-169, 263-265 domestic partnerships, 18, 219-236, 237-238 in New York City, 256, 258-268, 272-273 as patients, 64, 100 in prisons, 186, 187 and religion, 1 S 119, 127- 149 passim, 226-227 volunteerism and volunteer groups, 14-15, 158, 160, 162-163, 168172, 265 Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC,, 28, 101, 160, 162, 169, 170, 262-263, 264, 267-268 Government, see Federal aid programs; Prisons and prisoners; Public health systems; Regulations; State public health and welfare systems Greeley, Andrew, 132- 133 Guidelines, clinical trials, 105, 106 HIV-positive health care workers, 62-63 infection control, 12, S9, 62-63 H Harlem Hospital, 289-291 Hatch, Orrin, 63 Health care system, 7-8, 11 - 13, 46-48 financing, 11, 12, 47, 68-72 in New York City, 271-279 service delivery, 48-50, 71-72

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From page 317...

... 268-269 High-technology care, 52, 53 Hispanic community, 151, 171 - 172 gay men, 265-267 in New York City, 265-267, 277-278 Hockenberry, Clint, 228-229 Home health care, 53, 68, 71, 165 Homosexuality, viewed as a sin, 15, 127-149 passim see also Gay community Hospices, 51-52, 165 Hospitalization, 12, 52-53 Hospitals, 28, 48-49, 50-51, 53 in New York City, 68-69, 271-274 volunteers in, 163-164 Housing rights, New York City case, 18, 230-236 HPA-23, 90 317 Hudson, Rock, 90 Human experimentation, 87-88, 1 13, see also Clinical trials I Immunization, see Vaccines Incarnation Children's Center (ICC) , 290-29 1 Incidence, 1, 7, 61, 67 among health care workers, 61 among hospital patients, 59-60 among prisoners, 16, 180- 181 calculation of, 19-21 in New York City, 245-259 Incubation period, 19-21 Indiana v.

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From page 318...

... , 91, 97, 100, 109 National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects, 87-88 National Commission on AIDS, 63 National Community AIDS Partnership, 170 National Council of Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., 129 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) , 96, 101 see also AIDS Clinical Trials Groups National Institutes of Health, 34, 104, 106

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From page 319...

... , 29, 51, 71, 90, 91, 92, 98 Polio, 98 vaccine, 83-84, 85 Poverty and the poor experimental drug access, 95 incarceration of, 16, 179 in New York City, 267-268, 275276, 279 pregnancy and children, 217, 279 see also Indigent care Pregnancy, see Maternity and pregnancy; Perinatal transmission Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., 145- 146 Presidential Commission on the HIV Epidemic, 36 Preventive medicine, 37-38, 40 Primary care and clinical trials, 100 specialties, 56-57 Prisons and prisoners, 16- 17, 176- 181, 195-196 conjugal visits, 187, 296n

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From page 320...

... 320 health care systems, 17, 188-194, 283-285 isolation of HIV-positive inmates, 16-17, 177, 185-187 in New York, 16, 17, 180-181, 190, 280-285 screening of inmates, 16, 176-177, 180-182 seroprevalence of inmates, 16, 180 181 transfer and release, 193 - 194 Privacy and confidentiality, 11, 17-18, 26, 217 and case reporting, 25, 26, 30-31 and contact tracing, 32 and physicians' duty to inform, 3334 in prisons, 181 Professional obligation, 65-66 Project Inform, 28, 101 -102, 110 Prostitution, 37 Protocol 076, 106- 108 Provider referral model, 33 Psychological support services, 165- 166 Publications, see Journals, peerreviewed; Newsletters Public Health Service, 70, 110 Public health systems, 5-6, 9-11, 21, 23-27, 41-43 criminal statutes, 36-37 in New York City, 274-279 as primary care provider, 24, 38-40, 42-43 testing policies, 28-29 see also Clinics; Contact tracing; Medicaid; Partner notification; Preventive medicine; Quarantine; Reporting of cases; State public health and welfare systems Puerto Ricans, 277-278 Pure Food and Drug Act, 84 Q Quarantine, 5, 25, 26-27, 34-36 Quinn, John R., 138-139 INDEX R Racial and ethnic groups, 29, 42 community-based organizations, 171-172 gay men, 265-267 incarceration of, 16, 179, 281 in New York, 265-267, 273, 275276, 277-278, 288-289 see also specific groups Randomized clinical trials, 81-84, 8587, 111-112 Ratzinger, Cardinal, 146 Recruitment of professionals, 55-58 Registries, 25, 26, 30 Regulations drugs, 13-14, 84-87, 90, 92-95, 112 home-based care, 53 prisoner protection, 17, 192-193 Religion and religious groups, 15-16, 117-124 as care providers, 15, 130, 139-140, 149-153 doctrinal responses to AIDS, 15-16, 129-149, 152-153 and epidemics, 5, 6, 124-127, 128 129 and gay community and lifestyle, 15, 119, 127- 149 passim, 226-227 Rent-controlled housing, New York City case, 230-236 Reporting of cases, 21, 25, 26, 30-31 Research, see Clinical trials; Drugs, development of; Experimental treatment; Human experimentation; Peer-review process Rights and liberties, 8, 25-26, 216 and mandatory testing, 17- 18 of parents, 17-18, 216-218 of patients, 11, 26, 89, 90 and quarantine, 35 see also Privacy and confidentiality Rikers Island, New York City, 188, 283-284 Risk of infection, see Behavioral risks; Intravenous drug use and users;

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From page 321...

... , 5-6, 38, 262, 275 clinics, 39-40 as public health model, 28, 32-33 Shanti Project, 165 Sider, Ronald, 135 Sierra Health Foundation, 55 Single-disease medical centers, 50-51, 70 Socially marginalized groups, see Gay community; Intravenous drug use and users; Poverty and the poor; Racial and ethnic groups 321 Soluble CD4, 97 Southern Baptist Convention, 123, 135, 138, 140 Specialization of health care, 11-12, 4951, 55-57 Spousal notification, 34 Staffing, see Health care workers; Nurses; Physicians Stanley, Charles, 138 State public health and welfare systems, 23, 40-41, 212-214, 218- 219 case reporting, 31 contact tracing, 32-33 criminal statutes, 36-37 quarantine, 35-36 see also Aid to Families with Dependent Children; Medicaid State v. Kearns, 37 Stigmatized groups, see Gay community; Intravenous drug use and users; Poverty and the poor; Racial and ethnic groups Streptomycin trials, 83 Suicide, 165-166 Sullivan, Louis, 63 Suramin, 90-91 Surrogate markers, 103-104 Surveillance systems, 21, 23-24 Swing, William E., 138 Syphilis, Tuskegee experiment, 87 T Tarasoffv.

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From page 322...

... 322 of pregnant women, 17- 18, 28-29, 215-216 for tuberculosis, 39 Thalidomide, 85 Theology, see Religion and religious groups Therapeutic agents, see Drugs Therapeutic indifference, 82-83 Transmission of HIV perinatal, 17, 106- 108, 202, 288-289 among prisoners, 16, 182-184 between providers and patients, 11, 12, 29, 49, 58-63 Treatment Issues, 101 Tuberculosis, 36, 39, 188-189, 275-277 as public health practices model, 3031 streptomycin trials, 83 Tuskegee syphilis experiment, 87 U Uninsured population, 11, 12- 13, 46, 69 Union of American Hebrew Congregations, see Judaism United Methodist Church, 148-149 Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches, 129 Universal precautions, 12, 59, 62, 68 University of Medicine and Dentistry, Newark, 60 Unmarried couples, see Domestic partnerships U.S. Catholic Conference, 146, 147 INDEX V Vaccines, 67 for polio, 83-84, 85 Venereal diseases, see Sexually transmitted diseases Volunteers and volunteer organizations, 8, 14-15, 158-166, 173, 265 and drug users, 172-173 and minorities, 171-172 see also Advocacy and activist groups; Community-based organizations; Gay Men's Health Crisis W Whitman-Walker Clinic, 165 Women in clinical trials, 105- 108 and cocaine, 269-271 incarceration of, 179, 280-281 in New York City, 251-253, 257, 258, 269-271, 278, 286-289 see also Maternity and pregnancy Workers' compensation, 60-61 y Yarchoan, Robert, 91 Yellow fever, 125- 126 z Zidovudine, see AZT

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Index Pages 313-322

Index
Pages 313-322