Reducing Coastal Risk on the East and Gulf Coasts (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-10
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One set of strategies aims to reduce the probability of flooding or wave impact. These include hard structures, such as seawalls, levees, flood walls, and storm surge barriers, and nature-based risk reduction strategies, such as beach nourishment, dune building, and restoration or expansion of natural areas, such as oyster reefs, salt marshes, and mangroves.
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on a range of scientific, engineering, and water resources planning issues. It examines risk reduction strategies to address coastal storms (hurricanes, tropical storms, and extratropical storms)
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Water Resources Science, Engineering, and Planning: Coastal Risk Reduction was assembled to provide advice on reducing flood risks from coastal storm surges along the East and Gulf Coasts. The committee was tasked to address the following questions: 1.
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Congressional authorization and funding would be needed for the USACE to undertake a comprehensive national analysis of coastal risks. PERFORMANCE OF RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES Chapter 3 reviews what is known regarding the proven performance, costs, and benefits of hard structures and nature-based strategies to reduce the hazards (e.g., flooding, wave attack)
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Use of a sediment source that is compatible with a beachfill project site also decreases ecosystem recovery time and enhances habitat value in the nourished area. Conservation or restoration of ecosystem features such as salt marshes, mangroves, coral reefs, and oyster reefs provides substantial ecological benefits and some level of risk reduction against coastal storms, but the risk reduction benefits remain poorly quantified.
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Benefit-cost analysis constrained by acceptable risk and social and environmental dimensions provides a reasonable framework for evaluating coastal risk management investments. Investments in coastal risk reduction should be informed by net benefits, which include traditional risk reduction benefits (e.g., reduced structural damages, reduced economic disruption)
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Setting such a standard requires value judgments, on which not all individuals or groups will necessarily agree. The recently updated federal guidance for water resources planning -- the 2013 Principles and Requirements for Federal Investments in Water Resources1 -- provide an effective framework to account for life safety, social impacts, and environmental costs and benefits in coastal risk reduction decisions.
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VISION TOWARD COASTAL RISK REDUCTION To address the rising costs of coastal disasters, increasing coastal risks in the context of climate change, and the fragmented risk management framework, Chapter 5 presents the committee's recommendations for reducing the nation's coastal risks. A national vision for coastal risk management is needed in order to achieve comprehensive coastal risk reduction.
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Although the USACE is limited in its capacity to independently initiate national coastal risk reduction strategies under its current authorities, it can use its existing planning framework to rigorously account for social and environmental costs and benefits, thereby supporting a more holistic view of coastal risk management. Additionally, the USACE should increase incentives for sound coastal planning and continue to develop and improve modeling tools to support state and local planning efforts.
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associated with risk reduction alternatives.
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