The Flexible Electronics Opportunity (2014) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
6 East Asia
6 East Asia
Pages 161-234
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 161... ...
Past promotional efforts in the East Asian countries have established a strong foundation for the development of flexible electronics. Large-scale governmentbacked R&D efforts in semiconductors, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, new mate rials, and nanotechnology have ensured that with respect to the "convergence technology" of flexible electronics, Korea, Taiwan, and Japan have highly developed capabilities with respect to the major converging fields.
|
From page 162... ...
2 "South Korean Electronics Companies Are Beating Japanese Competitors to the Punch in Getting Cutting Edge Technologies Developed by Japanese Researchers into Their Product Ranges," Asahi Shimbun, July 9, 2010; "CES Reveals Korea's IT Firms Are Lagging Their Rivals," Chosun Ilbo Online, January 12, 2010. 3 Changhee Lee, Seoul National University, "Flexible and Printed Electronics -- A Korean Initia tive," September 24, 2010.
|
From page 163... ...
9 Professor Changhee Lee, Seoul National University, "Flexible and Printed electronics -- A Korean Initiative," September 24, 2010. 10 "Korea Needs Change for Convergence," JoonAng Daily Online, May 23, 2009.
|
From page 164... ...
sector.14 • The government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (now MOTIE) com mitted in 2010 to provide $875 million, to be matched by private-sector funds, to develop 10 "World Premier Materials" for industrial use, in cluding substrates for flexible displays.15 • The Korean Printed Electronics Association told a visiting foreign del egation in 2012 that "the South Korean government wishes to invest $48 million in printed electronics over the next six years," primarily for R&D.16 • In 2013, the Chairman of South Korea's Financial Services Commis sion said that the government, "public financial support organizations," 11 The other two convergence technologies to be fostered are offshore plants to industrialize deep sea resources and compact multipurpose module nuclear reactors.
|
From page 165... ...
for solar cells Kongkuk University Flexible displays Pohang University of Science and Technology Nano-ink and substrates for flexible displays (POSTECH) Sungkyunkwan University Graphene, flexible power sources Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Nanotube fabrication, flexible substrates, wiring Technology (KAIST)
|
From page 166... ...
21 Gye-man Kang and Hyung-deuk Jean, "Samsung, LG, Hyundai Motor Join Hands for Next Generation Flexible Display Development," MK English News Online, July 5, 2010. 22 "Korea can aptly be described as a semiconductor powerhouse.
|
From page 167... ...
(See Table 6-2.) KETI administers the Korean Printed Electronics Center (KPEC)
|
From page 168... ...
"IDTechEx Visits South Korea," Printed Electronics World, April 18, 2012. 27 "IDTechEx Visits South Korea," Printed Electronics World, April 18, 2012.
|
From page 169... ...
tags. "Flexible Graphene Memristors," Printed Electronics World, December 9, 2010.
|
From page 170... ...
KRICT derives $41.8 million of its budget from income from R&D projects, including another $35.7 million in competitive government grants, $4.8 million from the private sector, and $1.3 million from royalties. KRICT's Device Materials Research Center is pursuing a number of research themes with potential application in flexible electronics: • Ink materials and processing technology for printable electronics; • Low-cost/large area printing technologies for organic solar cells; • Preparation of thin films, coating materials, and nanostructured materials.
|
From page 171... ...
process "and revolutionize designs for touch screens, flexible displays, solar cells and various sensor devices."34 Industry/Government Consortia Flexible Display Consortium In July 2010, three of South Korea's major industrial conglomerates, S amsung, Hyundai Automotive Group, and LG (Lucky-Goldstar) announced formation of a consortium to develop substrates for flexible displays as one of the World Premier Materials projects sponsored by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy.
|
From page 172... ...
Samsung Electronics Vice President Hung Wan-pyo said in July 2010 that "Samsung will introduce a smart phone that can be folded just like paper before the year 2015."40 Samsung withdrew from the 37 "LG Display Chosen by Korean Government to Lead OLED Project," Printed Electronics World, August 8, 2012. 38 "LG Convinces South Korea to Fund Development of Flexible 60-Inch OLED Displays," xtremetech, July 17, 2012.
|
From page 173... ...
47 "Samsung Electro-Mechanics Launching Industrial Inkjet Business," Printed Electronics World, April 1, 2009.
|
From page 174... ...
. s In 2008, the company indicated that it had started mass production of carbon nanotubes at a plant in Inchon.
|
From page 175... ...
Seoul National University received the highest ranking at 50th. "5 Korean Universities Rank Among Global Top 20," Chosun Ilbo Online, September 8, 2010.
|
From page 176... ...
1,223 Konkuk University 1,080 Kyungpook National University 1,074 Pusan National University 1,006 world. KAIST sent shockwaves through Korean academia in 2007 by denying tenure to 15 out of 35 applicants, and by increasing tuition levels for students with mediocre grades.63 In 2009, KAIST president Suh became the first Asian winner of the ASME Medal, an annual award bestowed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineering for distinguished engineering achievement that is regarded as the Nobel Prize of engineering.64 KAIST is pursuing a number of research themes with application to flexible electronics.
|
From page 177... ...
SOURCES: "KAIST Paves the Way to Commercialize Flexible Display Screens," Printed Electronics World, February 28, 2011; "Korean Researchers Develop New Flexible Metal Wire Manufacturing," Plastic Electronics, May 27, 2011; "S. Korean Scientists Develop New Flexible Stretchable Display," Yonhap, July 3, 2012; "Korean Team Claims to Create World's First Flexible Batter," Don-A Ilbo, August 28, 2012; "Bendable Inorganic Thin Film Battery for Fully Flexible Electronic Systems," Nano Letters, July 30, 2012.
|
From page 178... ...
One of NCNT's three "priority support areas" is the development of flexible display core mateials, including nano ink, substrate, and electronic materials. r NCNT is also reportedly initiating R&D into graphene-based electronics.
|
From page 179... ...
. Since 2007, FDRC has been collaborating with the Korean office of Finland's VTT Technical Research Centre to establish a joint laboratory for printed electronics based on R2R process technology.
|
From page 180... ...
In 2009, this achievement won the IDTechEx Technical Development Manufacturing Award, which is given for the most significant manufacturing device, process, or production plant in the printed electronics industry in the preceding 24 months. "Inktec and Thin Film Electronics Win Prestigious Award," Printed Electronics World, April 14, 2009.
|
From page 181... ...
Silver nanoparticles are seen as a particularly promising material for inkjet printed electronics because silver is the most conductive metal, and, in contrast to other etals, oxidation does not harm the conductivity of the film on which silver-based circuits m as a superior printing method to lithography and screen printing techniques because it is faster and less expensive. 77 "Yissum and Vaxan Collaborate and Printed Electronics Ink," Printed Electronics World, Febru ary 2, 2011; "Korea, Israel Collaborate on Nanoparticles," Korea Herald Online, April 10, 2011.
|
From page 182... ...
POSCO will manufacture graphenes under a licensing agreement with XG Sciences and hopes to establish a graphene manufacturing plant in China in 2012.83 CHINA China presents a curious counterpoint to the United States and Europe in flexible electronics. In contrast to these regions it lacks most of the equipment and materials infrastructure to support manufacture of flexible displays, as well 80 "PVI, Hyds Technologies and LG Display Launch Co-operation," Printed Electronics World, January 4, 2010.
|
From page 183... ...
-- where no major manufacturer of flexible displays has emerged -- China is currently experiencing an investment rush by enterprises seeking to enter the production of AMOLED displays. The apparent anomaly reflects, in significant part, the potential "market pull" of Chinese consumer demand, as well as the demonstrated willingness of government authorities to finance large-scale investments in production capacity and, if necessary, to subsidize major operating losses.
|
From page 184... ...
"Product Codes Help Synchronize Flow of Goods," South China Morning Post, October 10, 2008; "Motorola Deal to Improve Airport Luggage Handling," South China Morning Post, May 12, 2009. 87 In the 1990s, Chinese industrial policy was "grasp the large, let go to the small." The Ninth Five Year National Development Plan provided with respect to the electronics industry the objective of creating 2-3 microcomputer makers with an annual production capacity of more than $1 billion.
|
From page 185... ...
China has demonstrated that with the requisite level of investment and acquisition of foreign technology, an FPD industry can be established in a relatively short timeframe in the face of strong competition. The experience of BOE Technology Group, China's market leader in FPDs, which suffered massive operating losses in the wake of the global financial crisis, underscores the risks facing Chinese firms in this sector.92 However, central and local government subsidies ultimately offset these losses.93 Sustained by government organizations, the newly established FPD industrial base is enabling China's current bid to challenge Korean dominance in flexible displays.
|
From page 186... ...
They are hiring talented engineers from Taiwan and paying them high salaries." "Display Technology Is Emerging in China," Korea IT Times, June 26, 2013. 96 In 2009 the State Council urged local governments to provide financial support for strategic in vestment projects in the flat panel display industry, committing to augment this support with central government funds.
|
From page 187... ...
, 25% Shenchao Shenzhen government, private investors SOURCE: Rho, "A Study on the Chinese Flat Panel Display Industry" (2010)
|
From page 188... ...
opposed to the standardFigure25 percent.102 KSND is focusing its developmental rate of 6-A effort on six "pillar" sectors, one of which is OLEDs, an area in which it collabo Bitmapped rates with Tsinghua University, which has established a science park in Kunshan.103 102 Kunshan Expat Association Website, |
From page 189... ...
AMOLED Displays In 2011, when Korea's Samsung held a near monopoly in the production of AMOLED displays (92 percent share) , Chinese LCD makers were reportedly preparing to enter the AMOLED display market and challenge the Korean market leaders.106 Market analyst Vinita Jakhanwal from the consultancy iSuppli commented that in turning its attention to AMOLED, China plans to be a significant supplier and gain greater influence in the overall mobile display industry .
|
From page 190... ...
This would be similar to the glut, created by aggressive Chinese moves into LED lighting manufacturing at the beginning of the decade.111 According to a 2014 report by the consultancy NPD Display Search, which specializes in the display industry, Chinese companies' spending on FPD production equipment, which represented 22 percent of global spending as recently as 2010, is expected to exceed 70 percent in 2014 and 2015, representing investments in both low-temperature polysilicon and AMOLED display applications.112 Despite broad and deep government financial support, Chinese firms entering the market for AMOLED displays against entrenched Korean players face daunting challenges. A 2011 report by the consultancy CCID Consulting summarized the situation facing Chinese entrants into OLED displays: So far, China has not yet formed its OLED industry chain, without any domes tic full-set OLED manufacturing equipment producers and with key equip ment and full-set equipment technologies dominated by the Japanese, South Korean and uropean enterprises.
|
From page 191... ...
BOE's investment in AMOLED display manufacturing in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, prompted the observation that "it will be a significant challenge to operate an AMOLED-display fab in such a remote location without any supply chain or plentiful water supply, and for BOE to make the leap into GEN 5.5, the leading edge of AMOLED display production." Paul Semanza, "OLEDs in Transition," Information Display, October 2011, 16. 114 "Merck KGaA Inaugurates Liquid Crystals Center in Shanghai," Printed Electronics Now, Decem er 3, 2013; "Qingshan L: Appointed as New Lab Director for AIXTRON China Ltd," Printed b Electronics Now, March 21, 2013; "BOE Technology Group Teams with Applied Materials to Deliver Leading Edge Display Technologies for Next-Generation Televisions and Mobile Displays," Printed Electronics Now, July 2013: "Universal Display's State-of-the-Art Chemistry Laboratory in Hong Kong," Printed Electronics World, April 29, 2011.
|
From page 192... ...
120 In 2012, in the wake of "huge" operating losses, BOE Technology reported that two of its subsidiaries, Hefei BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. and Beijing BOE Display Technology Group Co.
|
From page 193... ...
In 2002, pursuant to China's 863 Program, or State-Hi Tech Development Plan, Visionox and Tsinghua studied the application of OLED technology to flat-panel displays under the Tenth and Eleventh Five-Year Plans.124 This project reportedly successfully overcame "technological difficulties in terms of OLED material, manufacturing technology and product implementation, completed the technical study of pilot-scale experiment and realized small batch production."125 Visionox's commercial strategy emphasizes development of its own proprietary technology, and in the first decade after its founding it applied for and/or secured 288 patents. Visionox's R&D was supported by numerous government organizations, including the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Economic Development and Reform Commission, and the National Natural Science Foundation Committee.126 In 2011, Visionox declared its intention to become a manufacturer of MOLED A displays.127 Visionox indicated that it was building a 5.5 Gen MOLED manu A facturing line that was expected to become operational in mid-2014.128 In 2013, Visionox announced that it had developed the Chinese mainland's first flexible AMOLED display, a 3.5-inch display with a bending radius of nearly 10 cm that could withstand repeated bending.129 A year later Visionox announced that it had 123 "China's BOE Technology Signs Agreement With Export-Import Bank of China," China Business News, June 20, 2013.
|
From page 194... ...
from Guangong provincial government and Huizhou municipal government as well as industrial subsidy support."132 Tianma Micro-Electronics Co. Tianma is a maker of LCDs founded in Shenzhen in 1983 and has established LCD operations in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Wuhan, and Xiamen.133 In 2010 Tianma's Shanghai-based subsidiary, Shanghai Tianma Microelectronics Co., Ltd., announced plans to build a 4.5 GEN AMOLED production line in Shanghai.
|
From page 195... ...
. Figure 6B Bitmapped primarily to serve domestic companies such as Huawei, Lenovo Coolpad, and ZTE Corp.135 Hehui Optoelectronics Shanghai Jinshan Hehui Optoelectronics Works is reportedly establishing a 4.5 GEN AMOLED manufacturing line in Shanghai's Jinshan Industrial Zone.136 The line is reportedly being established "largely through government funding." Hehui has reportedly succeeded in recruiting more than 70 engineers from aiwan.
|
From page 196... ...
142 "Ascent Solar to Build New Manufacturing Plant in China," Printed Electronics World, July 16, 2013. 143 "Ascent Solar Signs Definitive Agreement to Build New Manufacturing Plant in Suqian of Jiangsu Province, China," Printed Electronics Now, January 3, 2014.
|
From page 197... ...
and European high-technology companies.148 Hisense develops and produces materials associated with printed electronics, including nanosilver conductive ink, conductive silver paste, and printed electronic inkjet printing systems. Managed and staffed primarily by "returned 144 "Printed Battery Company in China," Printed Electronics World, July 22, 2013.
|
From page 198... ...
to form a consortium that will create companies to produce sensor and smart RFID tags, flexible TFTs, smart tags, flexible displays, and inkjet print heads. The fund company reportedly has registered capital of $49 million, which can be increased to $162 million "very soon." The Institute's function will be "to establish a platform for printed electronics tests, prototypes including a certain amount of production for sales, and to provide printed electronics companies with technical support.
|
From page 199... ...
154 Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission, "LegGo Members Visit Hong Kong Sci ence Park," Press Release, July 18, 2011. 155 "Printable Transparent Conductive Films and Its Applications in Organic Solar Cells," Flexible Substrate, January 2013.
|
From page 200... ...
ITRI, which translates basic research into commercial products and industrial processes, is perhaps the principal reason Taiwan has secured a leading position in some flexible electronics product areas (e-paper) and relevant industrial processes (adapting conventional LCD production lines to the production of flexible displays)
|
From page 201... ...
Following the meeting the government decided to begin earmarking funds to ITRI to pursue research in the field, with an emphasis on flexible displays. 166 Government Entities Supporting R&D Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA)
|
From page 202... ...
(See Table 6-7.) According to 2010 data from the leading international association for organic electronics, OE-A, between 2006 and 2013 Taiwanese government investments in printed electronics were about $200 million.167 Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)
|
From page 203... ...
ITRI's subsequent development of flexible displays has surpassed the highest technological levels achieved by Kodak but was "all 169 John A Mathews and Dong-Sung Cho, Tiger Technology: The Creation of a Semiconductor Industry in East Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000)
|
From page 204... ...
(See Figure 6-4.) DTC commonly engages in contract services, joint R&D, technology transfer, cross-licensing, and evaluation and verification of customers' flexible displays materials, equipment, and systems.
|
From page 205... ...
Chen, ITRI Display Technology Center, "ITRI Display Programs," February 14, 2012. Flex_Figure_6-2.eps R02667 DTC's objective is to position Taiwan as a leader in the field of flexible displays, which it forecasts will achieve global revenues of $4 billion by 2015.
|
From page 206... ...
177 "Flexible Electronics Pilot Lab and New Electronic Paper in Taiwan," Printed Electronics World, June 8, 2007. 178 "ITRI Wins Further Prestigious R&D Awards," Central News Agency, June 23, 2011.
|
From page 207... ...
(See Table 6-8.) In 2010, DTC announced the development of FlexUPD, a technology that enables manufacturers of display panels "to convert their existing production lines and panels for glass panels to flexible displays with minimal investment in new equipment."183 FlexUPD was honored as The Wall Street Journal's 2010 TIA Gold Winner and was one of R&D Magazine's R&D 100 winners.
|
From page 208... ...
186 "Flexible Electronics Pilot Lab and New Electronic Paper in Taiwan," Printed Electronics World, June 8, 2007. 187 "Samsung Cannot ‘Kill Taiwan' CEOs," Taipei Times, March 23, 2013; "Taiwan Tries to Shore Up its Defenses Against Taiwan," The New York Times, April 21, 2013.
|
From page 209... ...
Japanese colonial administration was relatively enlightened and did not result in the kind of lasting antipathy toward Japan found elsewhere in East Asia as a legacy of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Thomas R
|
From page 210... ...
In 2010, Hon Hai bought a majority interest in Hitachi Displays Ltd. with the intention of establishing a factory in Japan to produce small LCD panels.193 In the wake of the 2011 Fukushima earthquake and destructive floods in Thailand, J apanese electronics firms, confronting disrupted supply chains as well as the need to control costs, have outsourced key manufacturing operations to Taiwan, including production of 28 mm memory devices, and have increased their investments on the island.194 These moves have been paralleled by the development of closer ties between ITRI and Japanese businesses, with ITRI "increasingly becoming the place from which Japanese medium-sized businesses seek advice," ITRI's venture capital arm, the Industrial Technology Investment Corporation, established a fund in 2011 with Japan's Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Venture Capital that invests in Japanese and Taiwanese companies.195 In August 2013 ITRI and Japan's Komari Machinery Co.
|
From page 211... ...
The E Ink Mobius e-reader features a flexible display encapsulated in a rigid glass. Its creator, Giovanni Mancini, says that the critical issue is not whether the screen can be folded, but whether it is lighter and more durable and consumes less power than conventional backlit screens on tablets and phones.199 196 Tsutomu Niitsuma, representative director of Komari, commented that "our great collaboration proves that printed electronics can lead to innovations for existing products." "ITRI Lifts Lid on Advanced Printing Tech for Lower Priced Touch Panels," The China Post Online, August 27, 2013.
|
From page 212... ...
201 The alliance is intended to "allow AUO to make up its shortcoming in materials and patent layout by shortening its development cycle."202 AUO-Sony/Panasonic In 2011, Japan's Sony Corporation ended a 50-50 joint venture with amsung S for the production of FPDs, and Sony was reportedly looking for ways to diversify its supply sources of LCD panels.203 In June 2012, Sony and Panasonic disclosed that they would collaborate on OLED television development in an effort to counter Korean competition.204 In early 2012, it was reported that Taiwan's AU Optronics was collaborating with Sony on OLED production and that Sony would buy all of AU Optronic's AMOLED production over the next term.205 In January 2013 AU Optronics announced that it had successfully co-developed with Sony a 56-inch OLED TV panel, then the world's largest, with 4K resolution.206 Toppan-Chi Lin In 2011 Japan's Toppan Printing concluded a collaboration agreement with Taiwan's Chi Lin Technology Co., Ltd., a member of Taiwan's Chi Mei Group, to co-develop e-paper for applications in electronic price tags, logistics instruction labels, and retail point-of-sale displays.207 200 Lisa Wang, "AUO Signs Accord with Idemitsu to Manufacture OLEDs," Taipei Times Online, February 3, 2012. 201 "AUO Signs OLED Cooperation Agreement with Idemitsu Koscan," The Emitter: Emerging Displays Technology Monthly Report, February 2012.
|
From page 213... ...
"Toppan Printing and Taiwan's Chi Lin Collaborates to Launch Electronic Paper Business Targeting Use in Industry," Printed Electronics Now, May 12, 2011. 208 "The Flexible Display Center and AUO Enter Strategic Partnership to Accelerate Flexible AMOLED Development," Nanowerk, November 16, 2010.
|
From page 214... ...
215 "E Ink Acquires SiPix, May Dominate ePaper Universe," Engadget, August 4, 2012. 216 "E Ink Files Patent Infringement Lawsuit Against Trekstor," Flexible Substrate, January 2013.
|
From page 215... ...
is the largest TFT-LCD manufacturer in Taiwan.217 In March, 2009, AU Optronics acquired a 31.58 percent equity stake in SiPix Imaging, based in Fremont, California.218 SiPix is a major developer of e-paper technologies, including R2R production technologies and novel aterials for e-displays. SiPix m has "filed over 100 patent applications and has developed a core expertise in rollto-roll based display solutions and integration."219 During the first half of 2010, AU Optronics was forced to shut down its production line for SiPix e-paper due to "technical problems" that were subsequently resolved.
|
From page 216... ...
227 "National Tsing Hua University Develops Direct Growth Fabrication for Paper-Based Elec tronics," Flexible Substrate, November 2010. 228 "Taiwan Research Team Turns Silk into E-Display Material," Asia Pulse, March 2, 2011.
|
From page 217... ...
231 In a field in which startups such as Plastic Electronics, Heliatek, and Cambrios are playing a major role in defining the competitive landscape, Japan's business culture continues to inhibit startups, notwithstanding government promotional measures.232 In a widely quoted comment in 2013, Tetsuya Ohashi, Public Relations Manager of Tera Motors, a Japanese startup that makes the world's first smartphone connected e-scooter stated: 229 "New Technology Makes E-Paper Animation Displays Possible," Central News Agency, Janu ary 4, 2011. 230 "National Taiwan University Develops Stacked Nanoparticle Layers," Flexible Substrate, Janu ary 2013.
|
From page 218... ...
. Flexible OLEDs are now a particular focus." Many companies are moving into printed electronics but "they rightly perceive that the biggest profits will be in materials not the final devices when it comes to displays.
|
From page 219... ...
240 "Development of 5.2-Inch full-HD OLED Display," Printed Electronics World, May 27, 2013. 241 "Japan Display Joins Kyushu University's OLED Project," OLED.si, August 1, 2012.
|
From page 220... ...
Strategic partnership Organic thin-film PV Toppan Printing Plastic Logic (UK) Collaboration agreement Flexible large area signage 2013.242 The companies "were unable to make the panels durable enough nor to cut production costs." A likely additional consideration cited by observers was the fact that LG and Samsung's recently introduced 55-inch OLED TVs with "initial price tags of $10,000 that kept sales low and business in the red." 243 The travails of Japan's electronics majors tend to mask the solid and steady technological and commercial achievements of less well-known Japanese makers of materials, equipment, and printing technologies relevant to flexible and printed electronics.
|
From page 221... ...
, is providing ¥35 billion (£173 million) to fund a collaborative project between Sony, Toshiba, Panasonic, Sharp and other partners to develop 40-inch and larger OLED televi sion panels to a pre-competitive stage.245 The reference was to a Japanese government effort launched for the 20082013 timeframe involving Japanese electronics firms in an effort to develop a 40-inch OLED display sometime after 2015 in an effort to "get the jump on South Korean TV heavyweights such as Samsung Electronics Co.
|
From page 222... ...
Planning functions remained in government ministries while operating functions were transferred to IAIs, which tend to utilize private sector–type management methods and to operate in relative autonomy. 248 "AIST Develops Droplet Simulation Technology for Printed Electronics," Flexible Substrate, March 2014.
|
From page 223... ...
Innovation of printing processes Printed electronics 1. Developing component technology for printing process device 2.
|
From page 224... ...
AIST's Research Center for Photovoltaics has developed flexible solar submodules with the world's highest photo voltaic nergy conversion efficiency among thin-film solar cells using e CIGS thin film.253 The research was conducted pursuant to a contract with NEDO as part of the latter's Research and Development of High Performance Technologies on CIGS Solar Cells project (FY2006-2009)
|
From page 225... ...
The new method will conserve the very expensive inks used in printed electronics and will improve the electronic properties 256 "DropletSimulation Technology for Printed Electronics," Printed Electronics World, January 21, 2014. 257 "Japan Universities, Firms to Draw Up E-Printing Standard," Jiji, November 8, 2010.
|
From page 226... ...
Nano Quine reports that its 258 "Much Finer Detail Possible with Inkjet in Japan," Printed Electronics World, March 28, 2008. 259 "Horizontally Aligned Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Holds New Possibilities for Integration; Fusion with Silicon LSI Anticipated," Tokyo Semiconductor FPD World, January 5, 2009; Interview with Tokao Someya in Discovery News, February 5, 2010.
|
From page 227... ...
263 Nano Quine's R&D activities are supported by the Special Coordination Funds for Science and Technology administered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Kumamoto University Kumamoto University in Kyushu is conducting research with Fuji Electric Systems to develop technology to fabricate solar cells on flexible substrates.
|
From page 228... ...
266 "Efficient OLED from Kyushu University Gets Rid of Heavy Metals," Flexible Substrate, February 2013. 267 "Kyushu University Grows Thin Films of Germanium," Flexible Substrate, October 2013.
|
From page 229... ...
272 "Fuji Electric Systems Fully Utilizing Lightweight, Flexible Characteristics of Film Type Solar Cells to Expand Into Various Applications," Tokyo Semiconductor FDP World, June 26, 2007; "Fuji Elect Systems to Lift Capacity for Bendable Solar Cells," Asia Pulse, October 3, 2007. 273 "Toppan Printing, Plastic Logic Collaborate on OTFT-Based Large Area Flexible Display," Printed Electronics Now, March 2013.
|
From page 230... ...
276 "Teijin Acquires Nano Gram Corporation," Printed Electronics World, August 11, 2010. 277 "Teijin Chemicals Enters Electronic Paper Market," Printed Electronics World, July 6, 2010.
|
From page 231... ...
When power is cut, the spheres remain in place and the pattern is retained. According to Soken 280 "Printed Electronics at Taiyo," Printed Electronics World, October 14, 2009.
|
From page 232... ...
287 "Application of Printed Electronics Technologies to OLED Lighting," Flexible Substrate, May 2013; "Recent Progress on High-Performance OLED Technologies for Lighting Applications," Flexible Substrate, January 2014. 288 "Industry Leaders Discuss Growth and Future of PE," Printed Electronics Now, June, 2010.
|
From page 233... ...
Ltd., the commercialization arm of Singapore's Agency for Science, Technology and Research, invested an undisclosed amount in Kisco and became Kisco's exclusive distributor for Asia Pacific.293 The funds provided to Kisco by Tera-Barrier will enable the company to continue its efforts to commercialize its proprietary moisture-resistant films for applications in flexible displays and organic solar cells. Tera-Barrier has also developed technology for flexible optoelectronics products, flexible solar cells, and disposable or wraparound displays.294 290 "Asahi Entrances Polymer Conductivity by 100 Times," Flexible Substrate.
|
From page 234... ...
SDK's consolidated subsidiary, Shoko Co., Ltd., will serve as sales agent for NovaCentrix in Japan.295 295 "SDK and NovaCentrix to Cooperate in Printed Electronics," JCN Network, April 11, 2011.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.