An All-of-Government Approach to Increase Resilience for International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) Events A Workshop Summary (2014) / Chapter Skim
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1 Capabilities for Effective Response to an International CBRN Event
1 Capabilities for Effective Response to an International CBRN Event
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on the U.S. government response to international CBRN events.
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Following the Fukushima nuclear accident, the National Security Staff gathered representatives from several agencies to identify ways to improve decision making for CBRN events because these types of extreme events transcend normal channels. Bentz noted a distinction regarding the legal framework for a domestic response versus an international response.
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) effort to update and improve 1992 radiation contamination protective action guides, particularly in the area of late phase recovery or late phase cleanup (Environmental Protection Agency, 2013)
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government is making terrific progress with regards to international CBRN preparedness and response in building federal capabilities to support partner nations when they request our assistance following an event, began the Honorable Paul Stockton. However, U.S.
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military will retain vital capabilities, but at the same time the most sustainable and wisest approach to our security in the 21st century will be to help allies do more to contribute to their own security and our common interest. Stockton emphasized that this is especially true in the realm of CBRN response and preparedness, and suggested that the National Guard state partner program could be leveraged for this purpose; personnel from a given state could work with an international partner to help build that country's capacity.
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Stockton agreed and pointed to an objective that FEMA Administrator Craig Fugate has often cited, to treat citizens not simply as passive victims of disasters, but as active contributors to their own resiliency. Stockton raised the recent Fukushima nuclear accident as an example, noting that the absence of information on whether to flee or shelter in place led to fear 3 Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ297/html/PLAW107publ297.htm.
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A participant from the Israeli Home Front Command pointed out that because DOS is the lead agency on international CBRN event response, DOD has limited authority to engage in preevent planning to assist foreign partners in foreign consequence management. He asked if, given the tyranny of time and distance, there is a way forward that would give DOD and the National Guard enhanced authority to engage in activities that improve their ability to assist.
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Chad Gorman from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Desired End States for an Effective CBRN Response Overseas Brian Lewis, Deputy Director of Technical Programs at the Bureau of Counterterrorism for the U.S.
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He echoed earlier comments by Major General Bentz that the U.S. government response to biological threats has been improving due to experience gained in addressing infectious diseases and other health threats that initiate through natural processes.
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If lucky, health providers will discover an epidemic before it starts to spread, as many biological threats grow exponentially with time. Considering the global interconnectedness of today's world, he added, the designation of a global versus a local event quickly becomes meaningless; significant health threats can spread to multiple locations.
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He suggested a need to educate and engage the media as a source of support rather than as a source that expands the uncertainties around an event. He also pointed to the importance of establishing an international governance framework that promotes international health regulations and treaties; helps define government and intergovernmental norms around detection and reporting; and promotes collaboration during health investigations, for example with global specimen sharing and detection, and laboratory support.
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A Domestic Perspective of CBRN Response Capabilities Chad Gorman, Director of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives Office in the Response Directorate of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) outlined how FEMA approaches CBRN preparedness and response from a domestic perspective, focusing on past efforts, the current approach, and the way forward.
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defined an all hazards approach to preparedness from the level of capabilities down to planning, with the further direction that the needed capabilities should fit into a whole of community approach. Gorman recalled statements by FEMA Administrator Craig Fugate that people need to move away from the idea that governments are always in the lead following a disaster.
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The document laid out the problem and identified what the delivery of capabilities might look like; what it did not do was offer a way to apply these capabilities in an actual emergency. BOX 1.3 DHS Strategy for Improving the National Response and Recovery from an IND Attack Capability 1 – Manage the Response Capability 2 – Characterize the Incident Capability 3 – Mass Evacuation and In-Place Protection Capability 4 – Medical Triage Capability 5 – Provide Casualty/Evacuee Care Capability 6 – Stabilize and Control the Impacted Area Capability 7 – Perform Site Cleanup and Recovery and Restore Essential Functions To address issues of implementation from the perspective of a local decision maker, emergency managers, and other responders, an earlier version of the Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation (v.2)
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This process led to a new document, IND Response and Recovery: Communicating in the Immediate Aftermath (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2013) , which provides guidance for public affairs professionals on how to communicate with the public following a nuclear incident.
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Lewis added that the private sector could provide critical support in a local response overseas and domestically, but had not yet been effectively tapped into. A workshop steering committee member commented that issues raised by Lewis would provide an excellent outline to scope future CBRN activities that might be undertaken by the National Academies, specifically: Lack of preparation for "unlikely" events Technical skills and equipment for detection and identification of the hazard Characterizing the extent of the problem "Lingering" and invisible hazards Fear/misunderstanding by the populace In response, Lewis raised the challenge of managing expectations and narrowing the scope to what can realistically be done, adding that support from the academic community and private sector could provide invaluable assistance in improving U.S.
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government response capabilities. Lewis added that, from an international perspective, preparation of partner nations is key to a chemical incident because of the rapid nature of a chemical event.
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Partnerships between the U.S. National Guard and partner states tend to develop across military counterparts, which consider CBRN response as one niche capability.
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Lewis stated that information from the intelligence community could be applied to an international CBRN event.
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2003. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 8 (HSPD-8)
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