SBIR at the Department of Defense (2014) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 7-24
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Created in 1982 through the Small Business Innovation Development Act, the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program remains the nation's largest innovation program for small business.
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to foster and encourage participation by minority and disadvantaged persons in technological innovation; and (4) to increase private sector commercialization derived from federal research and development." Research agencies have pursued these goals through the development of SBIR programs that in many respects differ from each other, utilizing the administrative flexibility built into the general program to address their unique mission needs.
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9 The National Defense Reauthorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, Public Law 112-81, Section 5137. 10 National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004; National Research Council, SBIR -- Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges: Report of a Symposium, Charles W
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the program and by agency officials running the program; and a summary of the technical challenges facing the NRC assessment and the committee's solutions to those challenges. PROGRAM HISTORY AND STRUCTURE11 During the 1980s, the perceived challenge of Japanese industrial growth in sectors traditionally dominated by U.S.
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NSF adopted this initiative first, and after a period of analysis and discussion, the Reagan administration supported an expansion of this initiative across the federal government. Congress then passed the Small Business Innovation Research Development Act of 1982, which established the SBIR program.
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The legislation also more strongly emphasized the need for commercialization of SBIR-funded technologies.19 Legislative language explicitly highlighted commercial potential as a criterion for awarding SBIR contracts and grants. At the same time, Congress expanded the SBIR program's purposes to "emphasize the program's goal of increasing private sector commercialization developed through Federal research and development and to improve the federal government's dissemination of information concerning the small business innovation, particularly with regard to woman-owned business concerns and by socially and economically disadvantaged small business concerns." The Small Business Reauthorization Act of 2000 (P.L.
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22 W.H. Schacht, "The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
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These include U.S. Government Accounting Office, Federal Research: Small Business Innovation Research Shows Success But Can Be Strengthened, Washington, DC: U.S.
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L Rorke, A Study of the Small Business Innovation Research Program, Lake Forest, IL: Mohawk Research Corporation, 1983; and Price Waterhouse, Survey of Small High-tech Businesses Shows Federal SBIR Awards Spurring Job Growth, Commercial Sales, Washington, DC: Small Business High Technology Institute, 1985.
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33. 33 National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004.
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Can the program generate better data on both process and outcomes and use those data to fine-tune program management? 37 National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of Defense, p.23, Charles W
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Revisiting the Department of Defense SBIR Fast Track Initiative (2009) ___________________________________ a National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004; National Research Council, SBIR -- Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges: Report of a Symposium, Charles W
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See National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology, op.
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1540, Sec. 5137, enacted in Public Law 112-81, the National Research Council is to review the Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR)
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cit. 41 NRC, The Small Business Innovation Research Program: Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges, National Academies Press, Washington DC, 2004.
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A Complement of Approaches Partly because of these limitations, the 2004 methodology report stressed the importance of utilizing a complement of approaches, which has been adopted here. Although quantitative assessment represents the bedrock of the committee's research and provides insights and evidence that could not be generated through any other modality, it is, in and of itself, not sufficient to address the multiple questions posed in this analysis.
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In addition, the downstream reach of FPDS is very limited: the system may record the first Phase III contract after a Phase II (i.e., the first commercial contract from the 44 Workshops convened by the committee as part of the overall analysis include NASA Small Business Innovation Research Program Assessment: Second Phase Analysis, January 28, 2010; Early-stage Capital in the United States: Moving Research Across the Valley of Death and the Role of SBIR, April 16, 2010; Early-Stage Capital for Innovation -- SBIR: Beyond Phase II, January 27, 2011; NASA's SBIR Community: Opportunities and Challenges, June 21, 2011; Innovation, Diversity, and Success in the SBIR/STTR Programs, February 7, 2013; and Commercializing University Research: The Role of SBIR and STTR, February 5, 2014. Each of these workshops was held in Washington, DC.
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DoD SBIR managers also participated extensively in various SBIR workshops at the Academy. Unfortunately, the Army SBIR office declined to participate in any of these activities, despite repeated invitations.
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