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From page 155... ... See also High school students; Junior high school students alcohol use-depression relationship, 54 drug abuse-delinquency relationship, 37 drug-onset patterns, 14, 32 drug-onset prevention, 14-15 drug-using sequences, 2, 15, 16 peer influences, 47, 66, 67 precursors to drug use, 56-57 prevention studies in, 81, 93, 97, 103-104, 105 problem-behavior development, 58, 59-60 sensation seeking in, 53 sexual behaviors, 30, 57 smoking onset, 19 smoking prevention, 3-4 socioeconomic factors and, 34 suicide in, 54 Adult-child relationships, 60, 61, 62 155 Affective programs, 79, 85, 90 Age of drug-use onset, 14, 32, 51 and drug-use patterns, 17, 23, 32-33 preventive interventions and, 14-15 Alcoholism, 52 Alcohol use age of onset, 14, 51 in children, parents and, 135 cognitive-behavioral analysis, 49 costs of illness from, 10 cultural influences on, 56 developmental analysis, 59 drug-prevention interventions and, 84, 86, 91, 92-93, 94, 100-101 in drug-use sequences, 2, 15-16, 18, 32-33, 51 genetic predispositions, 52 legal status of, 12 patterns of consumption, 27 personality characteristics and, 53, 54 preventive interventions, 96-98, 141 in rebellion patterns, 57 sensation seeking and, 107 ALERT, Project, 64, 65, 8S, 90, 91-94 Animal studies, 52 Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1988) , 21 Asian Americans, 111 Read the entire page →
From page 156... ... See also Adolescents alcoholism risk factors, 52 developmental analysis, 4S, 58-59, 60, 63, 99 health education programs and, 133, 135 perinatal drug exposure, 29 prevention studies in, 89-90, 99, 111 relationships with adults, GO, 61, 62 risk factor analysis, 52-53, 57 socialization deficits, 58-59 Cigarette smoking age of onset, 14, 19, 51 children, parental involvement and, 135 community-specific model of prevention, 50 community-wide interventions, 124, 125, 126 continuation patterns, 18 countereffectiveness of interventions, 4 delay of onset of, 3-4 in drug-use sequences, 2, 15-16, 51, 63-64 ethnicity and, 111 INDEX evaluation of prevention programs, 80-81, 84, 86-87, 90-91, 92-93, 94, 98, 100-101, 111 health care professionals and, 140 legal status of, 12 . Read the entire page →
From page 157... ... , 11, 13 157 Dropout prevention, 141 Drug abuse. See also Drug abuse prevention; Drug use age and, 32 age of drug onset and, 14, 51 and AIDS risks, 29 consumption patterns, 2, 22, 24, 28, 31-32, 36 defined, 11, 12 and delinquency, 37, 56 race and ethnicity and, 33, 36 research needs, 36 risk factors for, 47, 51 self-esteem and, 54 sequence of development of, 15, 18, 58 socioeconomic factors and, 35 Drug abuse prevention age for intervention relevance, 2-3, 14-15, 32 cognitive-behavioral model, 49-50, 85, 87 community-based approach, 101, 111, 122, 128-131 community-specific approach, 47, 50 community-wide interventions, 120, 121-128, 130-131, 141-142 developmental intervention, 47, 48, 60, 62-63, 66, 67, 76, 98-102 drug-use sequences and, 2-3, 18 ethnicity dimension, 110, 111 evaluation methodologies, viii, 1, 56, 108-109 evaluation research, viii, 1, 3, 4-5, 7, 77, 108-109 evaluations of program effectiveness, 3 - , 6-7, 85, 87-89, 90, 105, 108 gender dimension, 110-111 government spending on, vii, 9 health care setting for, 139-141, 142 life skills approach, 49-50, 85-87 mass media campaigns, 102-108, 122-123 meta-analysis evaluations, 78-85 predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing elements in, 45~6, 6667, 125 Read the entire page →
From page 158... ... See also Drug abuse prevention age disaggregation, 32-33 age of onset, 14-15, 51 and AIDS risks, 29-30 community diagnostic perspective, 11, 20 costs and consequences of, 10, 18 20, 21 criminal justice system data, 21, 30 32 INDEX DAWN data, 21, 27-28 defined, 11, 12 developmental model, 48, 67 genetic and congenital predispositions, 52-53 individual diagnostic perspective, 11 20 motivations for, 19, 49 patterns of consumption, 2, 21-24, 31-32, 35-36 personality predispositions, 53, 54 population survey data, 20, 21-27 predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing elements, 46 preventive intervention effects on, 4, 80, 81, 82, 85, 94, 95-96, 101, 105 public perceptions of, 9-10, 33 race and ethnicity disaggregation, 33-34 research needs, 36 risk factor model, 47-48, 51, 56-57 sequence and progression of, 2, 1518, 36, 51 and sexual behaviors, 30, 57 smoking prevention and, 4, 49 social influence model, 48, 49, 63-64 socioeconomic disaggregation, 34-35 socioeconomic predispositions, 55, 56 treatment demand data, 28-29 validity of self-reported data, 24-27 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) system, 21,30-31,36 E Ecological fallacy, 105 Economic factors, 34-35 Elderly, 15 Emotional disorders, 54, 59 Enabling elements, 45, 46, 47, 66-67, 125 Environmental exposures, 46, 48, 50 51, 58 Epidemiologic studies, 2 Epidemiology, 20, 47 Ethnicity, 46, 59, 66, 110, 111 Read the entire page →
From page 159... ... See also Adolescents drug-prevention evaluation research, 80, 88, 91-92, 93 ethnic cultural research, 56 prevention research studies and, 63 problem-behavior development, 59 smoking-prevention evaluation research, 104 social influence programs, 65, 67 "Just Say No" campaign, 64, 104 K Kaiser Family Foundation, 134 L Life Skills Training (LST) , 49-50, 77, 85-87, 93 Longitudinal studies, 36, 51-52, 67, 109 Los Angeles Police Department, 95 Los Angeles Unified School District, 95 Read the entire page →
From page 160... ... , 134 National Research Council (NRC) , 138 National Youth Study, 37 Native Americans, 33, 34, 60, 87, 111 Neighborhood characteristics, 52, 55 56, 58, 59, 138 Neurochemistry, 53 Nixon, Richard M., 9 North Karelia Youth Project (Finland) Read the entire page →
From page 161... ... See also Research needs community-based, 128-131 developmental interventions, 98-102 etiologic, viii, 2, 3, 35 evaluation of effectiveness, viii, 1, 5, 6-7, 77 government spending on, vii meta-analysis evaluations, 78-85 methodological standards, viii, 1, 56, 108-109 smoking prevention, 134 workplace health promotion, 139 Research needs community interventions, 120, 126, 127, 129, 142 developmental approach, 5, 63 diffusion research, 130 economic dimensions, 126-127 genetic predispositions, 53 health care setting, 140 longitudinal studies, 36 mass media campaigns, 122 methodological standards, 6, 109, 110 risk factor approach, 5, 58 school-based programs, 4-5, 66, 133, 135, 141 social influence approach, 66, 109110 Resistance skills training, 49, 77, 100, 111 Risk factors, 27 defined, 47 genetic and congenital, 52-53 individual and environmental, 50-51 longitudinal studies of, 51-52, 67 personality characteristics, 53-54 prevention strategies based on, 19, 47~8, 65, 66, 67, 76 relationships among, 48, 56-57 research needs, 5, 58 socioeconomic, 55-56 Rutgers longitudinal sample, 53 Read the entire page →
From page 162... ... , 35 INDEX Social environment, 3 Social influence evaluations of effectiveness, 90-98, 102 model of prevention, 47, 48-50, 6366, 67, 89 research needs, 66, 109-110 Social inoculation, 65 Social isolation, 54 Socialization deficits, 46, 58, 59, 63 Social learning theory, 65, 76, 125 Socioeconomic factors, 34-35, 46, 52, 55-56 STAR, Project (Kansas City) , 64, 65, 95, 100, 101, 129 Street culture, 27, 56, 66 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 21 Suicide, 53, 54 T Teachers influences on children, 59, 62 training programs, 29, 88, 99, 134 Time-lag hypothesis, 2, 32 Tobacco use. Read the entire page →

From page 155...

... See also High school students; Junior high school students alcohol use-depression relationship, 54 drug abuse-delinquency relationship, 37 drug-onset patterns, 14, 32 drug-onset prevention, 14-15 drug-using sequences, 2, 15, 16 peer influences, 47, 66, 67 precursors to drug use, 56-57 prevention studies in, 81, 93, 97, 103-104, 105 problem-behavior development, 58, 59-60 sensation seeking in, 53 sexual behaviors, 30, 57 smoking onset, 19 smoking prevention, 3-4 socioeconomic factors and, 34 suicide in, 54 Adult-child relationships, 60, 61, 62 155 Affective programs, 79, 85, 90 Age of drug-use onset, 14, 32, 51 and drug-use patterns, 17, 23, 32-33 preventive interventions and, 14-15 Alcoholism, 52 Alcohol use age of onset, 14, 51 in children, parents and, 135 cognitive-behavioral analysis, 49 costs of illness from, 10 cultural influences on, 56 developmental analysis, 59 drug-prevention interventions and, 84, 86, 91, 92-93, 94, 100-101 in drug-use sequences, 2, 15-16, 18, 32-33, 51 genetic predispositions, 52 legal status of, 12 patterns of consumption, 27 personality characteristics and, 53, 54 preventive interventions, 96-98, 141 in rebellion patterns, 57 sensation seeking and, 107 ALERT, Project, 64, 65, 8S, 90, 91-94 Animal studies, 52 Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1988) , 21 Asian Americans, 111

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From page 156...

... See also Adolescents alcoholism risk factors, 52 developmental analysis, 4S, 58-59, 60, 63, 99 health education programs and, 133, 135 perinatal drug exposure, 29 prevention studies in, 89-90, 99, 111 relationships with adults, GO, 61, 62 risk factor analysis, 52-53, 57 socialization deficits, 58-59 Cigarette smoking age of onset, 14, 19, 51 children, parental involvement and, 135 community-specific model of prevention, 50 community-wide interventions, 124, 125, 126 continuation patterns, 18 countereffectiveness of interventions, 4 delay of onset of, 3-4 in drug-use sequences, 2, 15-16, 51, 63-64 ethnicity and, 111 INDEX evaluation of prevention programs, 80-81, 84, 86-87, 90-91, 92-93, 94, 98, 100-101, 111 health care professionals and, 140 legal status of, 12 .

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From page 157...

... , 11, 13 157 Dropout prevention, 141 Drug abuse. See also Drug abuse prevention; Drug use age and, 32 age of drug onset and, 14, 51 and AIDS risks, 29 consumption patterns, 2, 22, 24, 28, 31-32, 36 defined, 11, 12 and delinquency, 37, 56 race and ethnicity and, 33, 36 research needs, 36 risk factors for, 47, 51 self-esteem and, 54 sequence of development of, 15, 18, 58 socioeconomic factors and, 35 Drug abuse prevention age for intervention relevance, 2-3, 14-15, 32 cognitive-behavioral model, 49-50, 85, 87 community-based approach, 101, 111, 122, 128-131 community-specific approach, 47, 50 community-wide interventions, 120, 121-128, 130-131, 141-142 developmental intervention, 47, 48, 60, 62-63, 66, 67, 76, 98-102 drug-use sequences and, 2-3, 18 ethnicity dimension, 110, 111 evaluation methodologies, viii, 1, 56, 108-109 evaluation research, viii, 1, 3, 4-5, 7, 77, 108-109 evaluations of program effectiveness, 3 - , 6-7, 85, 87-89, 90, 105, 108 gender dimension, 110-111 government spending on, vii, 9 health care setting for, 139-141, 142 life skills approach, 49-50, 85-87 mass media campaigns, 102-108, 122-123 meta-analysis evaluations, 78-85 predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing elements in, 45~6, 6667, 125

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From page 158...

... See also Drug abuse prevention age disaggregation, 32-33 age of onset, 14-15, 51 and AIDS risks, 29-30 community diagnostic perspective, 11, 20 costs and consequences of, 10, 18 20, 21 criminal justice system data, 21, 30 32 INDEX DAWN data, 21, 27-28 defined, 11, 12 developmental model, 48, 67 genetic and congenital predispositions, 52-53 individual diagnostic perspective, 11 20 motivations for, 19, 49 patterns of consumption, 2, 21-24, 31-32, 35-36 personality predispositions, 53, 54 population survey data, 20, 21-27 predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing elements, 46 preventive intervention effects on, 4, 80, 81, 82, 85, 94, 95-96, 101, 105 public perceptions of, 9-10, 33 race and ethnicity disaggregation, 33-34 research needs, 36 risk factor model, 47-48, 51, 56-57 sequence and progression of, 2, 1518, 36, 51 and sexual behaviors, 30, 57 smoking prevention and, 4, 49 social influence model, 48, 49, 63-64 socioeconomic disaggregation, 34-35 socioeconomic predispositions, 55, 56 treatment demand data, 28-29 validity of self-reported data, 24-27 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) system, 21,30-31,36 E Ecological fallacy, 105 Economic factors, 34-35 Elderly, 15 Emotional disorders, 54, 59 Enabling elements, 45, 46, 47, 66-67, 125 Environmental exposures, 46, 48, 50 51, 58 Epidemiologic studies, 2 Epidemiology, 20, 47 Ethnicity, 46, 59, 66, 110, 111

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From page 159...

... See also Adolescents drug-prevention evaluation research, 80, 88, 91-92, 93 ethnic cultural research, 56 prevention research studies and, 63 problem-behavior development, 59 smoking-prevention evaluation research, 104 social influence programs, 65, 67 "Just Say No" campaign, 64, 104 K Kaiser Family Foundation, 134 L Life Skills Training (LST) , 49-50, 77, 85-87, 93 Longitudinal studies, 36, 51-52, 67, 109 Los Angeles Police Department, 95 Los Angeles Unified School District, 95

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From page 160...

... , 134 National Research Council (NRC) , 138 National Youth Study, 37 Native Americans, 33, 34, 60, 87, 111 Neighborhood characteristics, 52, 55 56, 58, 59, 138 Neurochemistry, 53 Nixon, Richard M., 9 North Karelia Youth Project (Finland)

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From page 161...

... See also Research needs community-based, 128-131 developmental interventions, 98-102 etiologic, viii, 2, 3, 35 evaluation of effectiveness, viii, 1, 5, 6-7, 77 government spending on, vii meta-analysis evaluations, 78-85 methodological standards, viii, 1, 56, 108-109 smoking prevention, 134 workplace health promotion, 139 Research needs community interventions, 120, 126, 127, 129, 142 developmental approach, 5, 63 diffusion research, 130 economic dimensions, 126-127 genetic predispositions, 53 health care setting, 140 longitudinal studies, 36 mass media campaigns, 122 methodological standards, 6, 109, 110 risk factor approach, 5, 58 school-based programs, 4-5, 66, 133, 135, 141 social influence approach, 66, 109110 Resistance skills training, 49, 77, 100, 111 Risk factors, 27 defined, 47 genetic and congenital, 52-53 individual and environmental, 50-51 longitudinal studies of, 51-52, 67 personality characteristics, 53-54 prevention strategies based on, 19, 47~8, 65, 66, 67, 76 relationships among, 48, 56-57 research needs, 5, 58 socioeconomic, 55-56 Rutgers longitudinal sample, 53

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From page 162...

... , 35 INDEX Social environment, 3 Social influence evaluations of effectiveness, 90-98, 102 model of prevention, 47, 48-50, 6366, 67, 89 research needs, 66, 109-110 Social inoculation, 65 Social isolation, 54 Socialization deficits, 46, 58, 59, 63 Social learning theory, 65, 76, 125 Socioeconomic factors, 34-35, 46, 52, 55-56 STAR, Project (Kansas City) , 64, 65, 95, 100, 101, 129 Street culture, 27, 56, 66 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 21 Suicide, 53, 54 T Teachers influences on children, 59, 62 training programs, 29, 88, 99, 134 Time-lag hypothesis, 2, 32 Tobacco use.

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Index Pages 155-162

Index
Pages 155-162