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Chapter 1 Introduction
Pages 5-10

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From page 5...
... Search technologies, recommender systems, database technologies, and other tools are some basic capabilities for discovering relevant information. Our ability to automate workflows and exploit distributed computing allows systems to marshal more processing power and data than most individuals or enterprises actually own and control.
From page 6...
... that have been readily incorporated into human decision making processes. The specific statement of task given to the committee reads as follows: Conduct an analytical assessment of global research efforts in several technologies that enable humans, machines and computer systems to collaboratively digest, analyze and act on vast amounts of unstructured data in dynamic environments.
From page 7...
... Some key references for these topics are introduced in the section on Human Cognition and Memory in Chapter 3 and in the section on Neuroscience in Chapter 5. This report explores ways that people and computer systems can collaborate so that complex decisions involving large amounts of data and tight time constraints are better 1 See, e.g., John Markoff and Claire Cain Miller, As robotics advances, worries of killer robots rise, The New York Times, June 17, 2014.
From page 8...
... " The following sample of responses was quoted in the published summary of that workshop: "… machines and humans combining each other's strengths and filling-in for their weaknesses and empowering each other's capabilities; "… joint and coordinated action by people and computationally based systems, in which each have some stake in the outcome or performance of the mission; "… humans AND machines jointly perform tasks that they would not be able to perform on their own; "… integration of AI into machines; "… humans and machines are able to mutually adapt their behavior, intentions, and communications; "… cooperation that mimics interactions between two humans; "… naturalness of the observed human-machine interaction; "… neither human nor machine treats the other as a disturbance to be minimized. "… machines being partners, and not a tool, for humans; "… technology that amplifies and extends human abilities to know, perceive, and collaborate; "… better overall performance of the mission, independently of how it was achieved; "… shared responsibility, authority, goals."3 Overall, one can see the breadth of this topic and the absence of precise definitions and boundaries.
From page 9...
... In Appendix B, the report recounts committee visits to research organizations in both Singapore and Germany, but it does not assess the quality of research.; The goal of these overseas site visits was to address item (3) in the study charge, concerning "the scope and character of international approaches to these research areas." Throughout this document, the terms and words "computational system," "computer," "machine," "information system," and "automation" are used interchangeably to make the document more readable.


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