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A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Summary
Pages 1-8

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From page 1...
... consideration of these factors by assisting users in Across these frameworks, assessments of human identifying alternative chemicals or approaches that health hazards evaluate an array of health-related are safer and have reduced environmental impact. end points, including carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, The Committee on the Design and Evaluation of reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine Safer Chemical Substitutions -- A Framework to disruption, acute and chronic or repeat dose Inform Government and Industry Decisions was toxicity, dermal and eye irritation, and dermal and given the task1 of developing a framework for respiratory sensitization.
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From page 2...
... , which is structured to support decision-making about  Step 4: Initial Screening of Identified Alternatives alternatives to chemicals of concern. The framework is flexible enough for an assessor to use a hybrid  Step 5: Assess Physicochemical Properties approach, in which certain steps are completed  Step 6-1: Assess Human Health Hazards sequentially, in parallel, or iteratively, providing an opportunity for fit-for-purpose decision making.
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From page 3...
... Summary 3 FIGURE S-1 The committee's alternatives assessment framework.
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From page 4...
... How these trade-offs are resolved is inevitably shaped by  an increased emphasis on comparative exposure applying goals, principles, and decision rules defined assessment; in Step 2 -- aspects that are not scientific judgments.  increased use of physicochemical properties4 to The user should also describe the decision assess human health and ecotoxicity hazards; rules used to identify a "safer" alternative.
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From page 5...
... Step 7 primarily focuses exposure (in the absence of exposure-mitigating on information about comparative exposure, human protection) between the chemical of concern and health, ecotoxicity, and physicochemical properties, alternatives be explicitly considered rather than with the goal of identifying alternatives that warrant assuming equivalent exposure.
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From page 6...
...  Use of GHS-tied criteria with a few refinements, including using health hazard assessment guidance to classify chemicals for end points The Need for Research and Innovation where GHS criteria require expert judgment. The committee stressed the need for  Moving beyond relying solely on traditional research and innovation in its framework (Step types of data associated with GHS or other 13)
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From page 7...
... This effort is needed for two types of interrelated activities; first, to address how novel data streams could be used as primary data in human health and ecotoxicity hazard assessments (e.g., the use of in vitro mutagenicity data for DNA reactive chemicals) and second, to address how these data can be used to fill data gaps across a broad range of domains, including health, ecotoxicity, exposure assessment, and physicochemistry.
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Key Terms

  • chemical alternatives
  • data streams
  • physicochemical properties
  • decision rules
  • novel data

  • comparative exposure
  • alternatives assessments
  • health hazards
  • exposure assessment
  • throughput data

  • existing frameworks
  • data gaps
  • increased emphasis
  • alternatives alternatives
  • assessment framework

  • assessment frameworks
  • hazard assessment
  • assessment methods
  • assess human
  • fill data

  • integrating data
  • chemical design
  • health hazard
  • safer chemicals
  • inherent hazard

  • classification scheme
  • provide users
  • scoping step
  • safer alternatives
  • health assessment


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