A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives (2014) / Chapter Skim
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4 Scoping, Problem Formulation, and Identifying Alternatives
4 Scoping, Problem Formulation, and Identifying Alternatives
Pages 35-46
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From page 35... ...
Gather preliminary data on potential alternatives. stakeholder engagement or decision rules to guide the assessment.
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36 A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives FIGURE 4-1 Committee's framework highlighting scoping, problem formulation, and identification of potential alternatives.
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For example, a decision rule could FRAMEWORK be "do not accept reproductive and development hazards as viable alternatives." In the committee's framework, scoping is the initial process in an alternatives assessment, in which the level of stakeholder engagement is determined, and the goals, principles, and decision rules are external members of an organization. Stakeholders described (see Box 4-2 for the committee's are not necessarily expert advisors because they definitions of these terms)
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Thus, the goals and principles that guide Level of Stakeholder Engagement in the an alternatives assessment process often reflect Alternatives Assessments Process whether the assessment ultimately will be used to The extent of stakeholder engagement depends support regulatory, corporate, or other decisionon the context of the alternatives assessment making processes. As in most scientific assessment process, which includes legal mandates, processes, a number of implicit or explicit values organizational values, and potential implications of a underlie the decisions.
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goal "to reduce toxic chemicals in consumer Evaluate only alternatives made in manufacturing products, create new business opportunities in the facilities that have strong human rights records. emerging safer consumer products economy, and reduce the burden on consumers and businesses As described in detail in Chapter 9, there also struggling to identify what's in the products they buy can be decision rules on, for example, how missing for their families and customers" (CA DTSC 2014)
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and decision rules of an organization. Identification There are several ways to evaluate chemical of the chemical entity (or process)
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The purpose of defining performance chemistry attention on the molecular structures that give requirements at the problem-formulation stage is to a chemical its particular physicochemical properties. In this help identify viable alternatives and collect way, chemicals that can serve the same function while preliminary information for the performance minimizing potential toxicity can be considered.
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Identify relevant properties: The relevant in this step might be useful in identifying structures and physicochemical properties that potential exposure pathways. determine the chemical's functions should be identified, if possible.
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example, upstream consequences include those associated with the production, use, and storage This step is also important for alternatives of precursor chemicals and raw materials, and assessment planning in that it can help identify the production and use of energy and other effects, exposure pathways, life cycle segments, and materials. Other consequences include nearimpacts of greatest concern for the chemical of field exposures of workers along the production concern.
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Determining Assessment Methods Chapters 5, 7, and 8 provide guidance on end After human health and environmental hazards, points and data streams to consider in the exposure pathways, and life cycle segments of assessment process. Before conducting the concern have been identified, decisions need to be assessment, the following decisions should be made regarding the methods that will be used in the made: alternatives assessment.
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large and needs to be reduced, an initial screening The GreenScreen® tool, however, has based on goals, principles, decision rules, and benchmarks from one to four that are based on performance criteria, as described in Step 2, can be hazard and physicochemical properties, and they completed. The goal here is to identify a range of provide explicit weighting of which alternatives viable alternatives and then to assess them through are safer (Atlee 2012)
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From page 46... ...
assessment of alternatives. The first consideration in the screening process The final consideration in the screening process involves identifying those alternatives that might not involves reviewing goals, principles, and decision be technically viable on the basis of performance.
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