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Genetic Engineering: Past and Present
Pages 10-11

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From page 10...
... Some agriculturally important traits, such as yield and most forms of disease and insect resistance in plants, are determined by many genes, each with a small effect; others, such as a few forms of disease resistance in plants, are governed by just one gene or at most a few, each with a large effect Breeders introduce desirable genes into crop plants by appropriate genetic crosses, followed by many generations of funher crossing and selection to produce improved marketable strains. Such traditional types of genetic manipulation are lim­ ited to organisms that can crossbreed and are therefore quite closely related to each othet: The accumulated experience in plant and animal breeding allows some generalizations.
From page 11...
... Organisms that carry genes introduced from other hitheno stymied breeders' efforts to move genes. It is precisely species tend to be at a competitive disadvantage.


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