Marijuana and Health (1982) / Chapter Skim
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THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL AND MEDICAL USES OF MARIJUANA
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL AND MEDICAL USES OF MARIJUANA
Pages 139-155
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From page 139... ...
What is perhaps more encouraging than the therapeutic effects observed thus far is that cannabis seems to exert its beneficial effects through mechanisms that differ from those of other available drugs. This raises the possibility that some patients who would not be helped by conventional therapies could be treated effectively with cannabis.
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From page 140... ...
(l97l, l972) that intraocular pressure decreased when healthy human subjects smoked cannabis (0.9 percent and l.5 percent A-9-THC content)
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From page 141... ...
Animal Studies While animal studies have supported the observation that A-9-THC lowers intraocular pressure after oral and topical administration in rabbits (Green et al., l977a,b; l978) , and after intravenous administration in the cat (Innemee et al., l979)
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From page 142... ...
Future work should determine whether synthetic cannabinoids or cannabinoid analogues can be found that will be effective in treating glaucoma without causing side-effects. ANTIEMETIC ACTION Certain cancer chemotherapeutic agents regularly produce nausea and vomiting after oral or intravenous administration.
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From page 143... ...
. The suggestion that cannabis might have some useful antiemetic activity in this setting arose about l973, when patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia observed that their "social" use of cannabis appeared to reduce their customary nausea and vomiting.
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From page 144... ...
. Uncontrolled Use of A-9-THC In response to public and political pressures, the National Cancer Institute, the United States Drug Enforcement Agency, and the Food and Drug Administration have agreed to a program whereby the National Cancer Institute is making A-9-THC available through the pharmacies of approximately 500 teaching hospitals and cancer centers to physicians who wish to use A-9-THC in treating the nausea and vomiting of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.
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From page 145... ...
of smokers of cannabis or placebo cigarettes provided with unlimited quantities of a high-caloric beverage indicated an increase in caloric consumption in those using cannabis compared with those using the placebo; however, the variability was very large and there was some question that cannabis could be considered a clinically significant appetite stimulant. In another study of the psychological effects of A-9-THC in patients with advanced cancer, it was observed that A-9-THC appeared to stimulate appetite and retard weight loss (Regelson et al., l976)
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From page 146... ...
A series of 8 healthy volunteers given CBD showed no effects of the drug. Summary There is substantial evidence from animal studies to indicate that cannabinoids are effective in blocking both kindling seizures and MES, and this is particularly true for CBD.
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From page 147... ...
After placebo or saline, there was only a gradual return to control values during 30-60 minutes, but after cannabis, airway conductance and thoracic gas volume returned promptly to preexercise values. Four of the subjects who had previously used cannabis could detect pleasurable sensations after smoking cannabis, which distinguished these effects from those of the placebo cigarette.
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From page 148... ...
These effects were not significantly different from those observed after isoproterenol, although there was a tendency toward a greater degree of bronchial dilation after isoproterenol. Similarly, after inhalation of A-9-THC, there was a prompt return of airway conductance and thoracic gas volume during exercise-induced bronchospasm to the preexercise value.
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From page 149... ...
(l976) reported a significant reduction in selfrated depressive symptoms in cancer patients treated with A-9-THC.
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From page 150... ...
, it was found that A-9-THC inhibited tumor DNA replication somewhat. In that same study, cannabidiol appeared to have a growth enhancing effect on the Lewis Lung Tumor.
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From page 151... ...
Cannabinoids or their analogues also may find a place in the management of resistant glaucoma, of severe intractable asthma, and of certain forms of seizures that are resistant to standard therapy. Continued carefully contracted clinical trials in these areas seem worthwhile at this time, as do studies of the usefulness of cannabinoids in the treatment of muscle spasticity.
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From page 152... ...
Delta-9tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic for patients receiving cancer chemotherapy: A comparison with prochlorperazine and a placebo.
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From page 153... ...
Superiority of nabilone over prochlorperazine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.
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From page 154... ...
Sallan, S.E., Zinberg, N.E., and Frei, E Antiemetic effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.
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From page 155... ...
Acute effects of smoked marijuana and oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on specific airway conductance in asthmatic subjects.
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