SBIR at the National Science Foundation (2015) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 5-21
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 5... ...
It received legislative authorization in 1982, through the Small Business Innovation Development Act, and subsequently 1 See Zoltan Acs and David Audretsch, "Innovation in Large and Small Firms: An Empirical Analysis," The American Economic Review 78(4)
|
From page 6... ...
to foster and encourage participation by minority and disadvantaged persons in technological innovation; and (4) to increase private sector commercialization derived from federal research and development." The research agencies have pursued these goals through the development of SBIR programs that differ from each other in many respects, utilizing the administrative flexibility built into the general program to address their unique mission needs.
|
From page 7... ...
funding in FY2010 provided by each of these five federal agencies, as well as the remaining combined percentage provided by all other agencies that administer SBIR/STTR programs. In FY 2010, for example, NSF made 549 SBIR/STTR awards amounting to $118.7 million.
|
From page 8... ...
Policy Directive; a review of the program's advantages and limitations, in particular the challenges faced by entrepreneurs using (and seeking to use) the program and by agency officials running the program; and a summary of the technical challenges facing this assessment and the committee's solutions to those challenges.
|
From page 9... ...
Following a period of analysis and discussion, and support by the Reagan administration for an expansion of the practice across federal agencies, Congress passed the Small Business Innovation Research Development Act of 1982, establishing the SBIR program. The scale of the SBIR program was gradually increased.
|
From page 10... ...
29. 19 See Robert Archibald and David Finifter, "Evaluation of the Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research Program and the Fast Track Initiative: A Balanced Approach," in National Research Council, The Small Business Innovation Research Program: An Assessment of the Department of Defense Fast Track Initiative (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000)
|
From page 11... ...
It also called for an NRC assessment of the program's broader impacts, including those on employment, health, national security, and national competitiveness.20 THE 2011 REAUTHORIZATION The anticipated 2008 reauthorization was delayed in large part by a disagreement between long-time program participants and their advocates in the small business community and proponents of expanded access for venture-backed companies, particularly in biotechnology where proponents argued that the standard path to commercial success involves venture funding at some point. 21 Other issues were also difficult to resolve, but the conflict over participation of venture capital-backed companies dominated the process22 following an administrative decision to exclude these companies more systematically.23 After a much extended discussion, the SBIR and STTR programs were reauthorized through FY2017 through passage of the National Defense Act of December 2011.
|
From page 12... ...
, continued and expanded evaluation by the Academies and mandated reports from the Comptroller General on combating waste, fraud, and abuse within the program, and measures of the protection of small companies' intellectual property within the program. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON SBIR Previous studies, most notably by the General Accounting Office and the Small Business Administration, have focused on specific aspects or components
|
From page 13... ...
Stern, and Marcia L Rorke, A Study of the Small Business Innovation Research Program (Lake Forest, IL: Mohawk Research Corporation, 1983)
|
From page 14... ...
31 Ibid, 33. 32 Adapted from National Research Council, Small Business Innovation Research Program: Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004)
|
From page 15... ...
The current volume is focused on updating the round-one committee's 2007 assessment of the NSF SBIR program, by updating data, providing new descriptions of recent program and developments, providing fresh company case studies. This volume, in particular, focuses on the efforts made at NSF in recent years to improve the SBIR program.
|
From page 16... ...
V • evisiting the Department of Defense SBIR Fast Track Initiative (2009) R aNational Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004; Na tional Research Council, SBIR -- Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges: Report of a Symposium, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004; National Research Council, SBIR and the Phase III Challenge of Commercialization: Report of a Symposium, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007; National Research Council, An Assess ent of the SBIR Program at the National Science Foundation, Washington, DC: The m National Academies Press, 2007; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the Department of Defense, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the Department of Energy, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009; National Research Council, Venture Funding and the NIH SBIR Program, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009; and National Research Council, Revisiting the Department of Defense SBIR Fast Track Initia tive, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009.
|
From page 17... ...
1540, Sec. 5137, enacted in Public Law 112-81, the National Research Council is to review the Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR)
|
From page 18... ...
See National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004)
|
From page 19... ...
In this volume all Academies survey references are to the 2011 survey unless noted otherwise. 39 National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology.
|
From page 20... ...
• Agency consultations. We engaged in discussions with NSF staff about program operations program and the challenges faced.
|
From page 21... ...
Chapter 5 describes and analyzes in some detail the NSF Phase IIB program, an important initiative that provides matching funds for commercially viable projects at the end of Phase II. Chapter 6 draws on company case studies and on the textual responses from survey respondents to provide a qualitative picture of program operations, issues, and possible solutions.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.