Sustainability Concepts in Decision-Making Tools and Approaches for the US Environmental Protection Agency (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D--Glossary of Sustainability Tools and Approaches
Appendix D--Glossary of Sustainability Tools and Approaches
Pages 125-135
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From page 125... ...
BCA provides a systematic process for calculating, monetizing, and comparing the economic benefits and costs of a particular action, process, regulation, or project by putting benefits and costs in a common metric. The results of a BCA can be used in two key ways: to provide insight into whether a project or policy provides a net economic benefit or cost to a company or society; and, to compare the outcomes of different project or policy alternatives.
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From page 126... ...
is a tool for quantifying the relationship between economic value creation and environmental impacts, throughout the entire lifecycle of a product or service (Brattebø 2005; Moller and Schaltegger 2005; MBDC 2010; NACFAM 2010; BASF 2011 The term ‘eco-efficiency' evolved from the work of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in response to the first United Nations Earth Summit.
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From page 127... ...
Ecological, materials, carbon, nitrogen, and water footprint analyses are common methods available for calculating environmental footprints. Environmental Justice Analysis (pp.
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From page 128... ...
Futures methods attempt to look "beyond the horizon" to provide insight into future trends that can be used to inform strategic planning. The following four basic techniques are widely used futures methods, each drawing on a different body of knowledge and serving a distinct purpose (EPA 1995, 2007)
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From page 129... ...
Like the related field of green engineering, green chemistry seeks to protect human health and the environment by applying sustainability principles at the design phase of a process or a product, where they can have the greatest impact and be most cost-effective (EPA 2011a)
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From page 130... ...
represents a series of fate and transport models, which are integrated such that the outputs of one model feed seamlessly as inputs into one or more models in the framework. Still other IAMs integrate multiple decision criteria, which can permit stakeholders to consider all economic, social, and environmental criteria they can identify and obtain data for decision analysis.
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From page 131... ...
The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) defines cumulative risk as the risk from the total exposure to multiple stressors (usually chemical)
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From page 132... ...
Ecological risk assessments can be used to predict the likelihood of future effects (prospective) or evaluate the likelihood that effects are caused by past exposure to stressors (retrospective)
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From page 133... ...
. The purpose for conducting a sustainability impact assessment is twofold: inform policy development by explicitly considering impacts within and among the economic, social, and environmental systems; and, assess potential economic, social, and environmental impacts resulting from a proposed policy (OECD 2010)
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From page 134... ...
2010. Chemical alternatives assessment: Enabling substitution to safer chemicals.
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From page 135... ...
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
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