Enabling Rapid and Sustainable Public Health Research During Disasters Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2015) / Chapter Skim
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2 Science Preparedness: Conducting Research During Public Health Emergencies
2 Science Preparedness: Conducting Research During Public Health Emergencies
Pages 11-20
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From page 11... ...
However, there were also real shortcomings, for example, delays in human subjects review that limited real-time data sharing and analysis, important research questions that were not considered until it was too late to act on them, and limited biospecimen collection. Other disasters in years following 2009 also illustrated the need for a robust science response, and multiple federal agencies have begun partnering on projects to accomplish this in a coordinated and streamlined manner.
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From page 12... ...
Each of those oil spills also had important behavioral health sequelae, yet there was little information on preventive behavioral health interventions. During the 2011 Japan nuclear disaster, it became clear that the United States has a limited number of experts in radiation exposure, limited laboratory capacity to handle radiation disasters, and inconsistent guidance on the use of potassium iodide.
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From page 13... ...
NIH has TABLE 2-1 Components of a Robust Science Response Components Making It Operational Rostered experts in research design, Identify and roster experts; plan for technology, and topical areas of "ready reserve" of citizen scientists concern and clinicians Scientific research is part of core Make formal part of planning response plans documents and incident command structure Identification of knowledge gaps and Explicitly review, prioritize, and research questions recommend which research to pursue Generic and scenario-specific Preapproved core survey documents; templates and protocols prescripted clinical protocols; minimum dataset Rapid-review mechanisms for human Advance approval, national review subjects research board for emergencies Rapid funding Implement administrative mechanisms to enable Registries and networks for studies Preprepared registries
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From page 14... ...
Following Hurricane Sandy in 2012, HHS asked the IOM and the New York Academy of Medicine (NYAM) to convene stakeholders in New York to define priority areas for recovery research less than 2 weeks after the storm.2 Participants helped identify priorities in health system response research, community resilience, mold mitigation and related health issues, morbidity and mortality among at-risk and general populations, workforce health and response, evacuation and policy decision making and health outcomes, and mental health outcomes.
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From page 15... ...
; implement plans and policy tools that support research into real-world responses; develop and test tracking and exposure technologies; and develop and test capabilities for biospecimen collection.4 FEDERAL DISASTER RESEARCH INITIATIVES AND RESOURCES As background for the panel discussions, speakers representing the federal sponsors of the workshop provided brief overviews of several current federal disaster research initiatives and resources, including the NIH Disaster Research Response Project, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Emergency Responder Health Monitoring and Surveillance System (ERHMS)
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From page 16... ...
NIEHS and NLM are developing a central repository for data collection tools and research protocols, available on the NLM Disaster Lit website.6 NIEHS is developing an Intramural Fast Data Collection Team that is ready to mobilize in the event of a disaster to collect baseline, epidemiology, and clinical data, as well as biospecimens, using "plug and play" preexisting IRB-approved protocols. The NIEHS Worker Education and Training Program (WETP)
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From page 17... ...
are selected for deployment and that all responders receive sufficient health and exposure monitoring. Activities addressed by ERHMS in each phase of deployment, as listed by Howard, are shown in Figure 2-1.8 The ERHMS technical assistance document was approved by the National Response Team9 for use by responders and those involved in the deployment of responders, including incident commanders, emergency managers, and agency heads.
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From page 18... ...
Areas of investigation include responder demographic ascertainment (i.e., rostering) ; exposure assessment (direct reading and sensor technology; real-time, continuous air monitoring; biomonitoring; analytics)
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From page 19... ...
. Engaging Medical Librarians and the National Library of Medicine Donald Lindberg, director of NLM, called attention to NLM's vast resources, including the Disaster Information Management Re-search Center, which houses extensive health information resources and technology for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery.10 He urged participants to use these resources and those of medical libraries more generally.
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