Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities Phase 2: Pilot Planning (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations nearNuclear Facilities:Phase 2 Pilot Planning
Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations nearNuclear Facilities:Phase 2 Pilot Planning
Pages 1-8
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Specifically, the Phase 2 Pilot Planning committee's task was to advise NAS on the following activities:1 • Identify the processes for selecting qualified individuals and/or organizations to perform the epidemiological and dosimetric tasks required to carry out the pilot study. • Initiate effluent release and meteorological data collection in preparation for estimating doses to the people who live near the pilot nuclear facilities.
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That is, the pilot study is part of a larger effort carried out by NAS at the request of the USNRC to characterize cancer risks in populations near nuclear facilities in the United States. This effort is carried out in two phases as illustrated in Figure 1.
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THE PILOT STUDY The Phase 1 report recommended that seven nuclear facilities be selected for the pilot study of cancer risks in populations near nuclear facilities. These are: • Dresden Nuclear Power Station, Morris, Illinois • Millstone Power Station, Waterford, Connecticut • Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Forked River, New Jersey • Haddam Neck Plant, Haddam Neck, Connecticut • Big Rock Point Nuclear Plant, Charlevoix, Michigan • San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, San Clemente, California; and • Nuclear Fuel Services, Erwin, Tennessee.
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The Phase 1 report recommended these ecologic and case-control study designs based on scientific merit, a preliminary analysis of their technical feasibility, and their ability to address public concerns about cancer risks near nuclear facilities. To conduct the pilot study, NAS and its contractors will make use of existing health information from state cancer registries and vital statistics offices and data from the facilities, the state, and other entities on radioactive effluent releases.
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However, there was full agreement among committee members about the following three points: i. Any data collected during the pilot study will have limited use for estimating cancer risks in populations near each of the nuclear facilities or for the seven nuclear facilities combined because of the imprecision inherent in estimates from small samples.
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9. The pilot study should independently validate a sample of effluent release data reported by each of the pilot nuclear facilities.
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8 Many assumptions will have to be made to estimate risks because residential history and dietary and lifestyle habits of the children examined will not be available. The dose assessment should use more detailed information than that for the ecologic study to determine concentrations of radionuclides released and time-specific parameters such as water use, land use, and amounts and origins of consumed foodstuffs.
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