Data and Research to Improve the U.S. Food Availability System and Estimates of Food Loss A Workshop Summary (2015) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
4 Alternative Approaches for Estimating Food Availability: International and Domestic
4 Alternative Approaches for Estimating Food Availability: International and Domestic
Pages 67-92
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 67... ...
Klaus Grünberger (FAO) then described FAO's approach to comparison and reconciliation of food consumption from household surveys and food balance sheets.
|
From page 68... ...
He said FAO currently publishes comparable food balance sheets with data from 1961 to 2011 for 185 countries. The most recent estimates extend the series to 2011 and were published in May 2014; a new statistical working system will allow FAO to generate preliminary data up to 2013 by the end of 2014.
|
From page 69... ...
. FAO also tries to make sure member countries compile data in a comparable manner so the agency can be assured that it has comparable food balance sheets.
|
From page 70... ...
Schmidhuber said FAO is also reviewing and updating its classification system. In the old approach, the food balance sheets were classified using the FAOSTAT Commodity List (FCL)
|
From page 71... ...
There may be subsequent processing levels as well. FAO estimates the amounts of wheat included in imports and exports of processed products and includes them in the wheat balance sheets.
|
From page 72... ...
aggregaƟon, rounding 1011 -44 816 158 46 132 FBS 1,314 3 40 125 816 158 46 132 FIGURE 4-1 Example of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) balance sheet for millet in Niger, 1981.
|
From page 73... ...
STATEMENT OF KLAUS GRUNBERGER COMPARING AND RECONCILING FOOD CONSUMPTION FROM HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS AND FOOD BALANCE SHEETS Grünberger described his current project at FAO to develop an approach for using food consumption results from household surveys to improve food balance sheets, pointing to Conforti and Grünberger (forthcoming) for additional details.
|
From page 74... ...
2,500 2,000 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 FBS Calories (in kcal) FIGURE 4-2 Total calories in national household surveys and food balance sheets.
|
From page 75... ...
Although the data tend to indicate that food balance sheets might overestimate food availability, such as due to underestimation of losses at the retail level, household surveys may underestimate food processed in the hospitality sector, he said. Food wasted in restaurant kitchens, for example, is not included in the household surveys that only include already-prepared dishes.
|
From page 76... ...
NOTE: Tree nuts are combined with oil crops in a single-item group. FBS = food balance sheets, NHS = national household surveys.
|
From page 77... ...
known noise in the household surveys, and it was developed as a discrete distribution based on the error structure of the differences between the food balance sheet and household data that were shown in the correlation plots. According to Grünberger, the objective function can be viewed as a penalty function that searches for updated shares that are close to the old food balance sheets and simultaneously meet the stochastic constraint, which is defined by the household survey shares and the error term.
|
From page 78... ...
(See text for explanation of boxes.) NOTE: FBS = food balance sheets, NHS = national household surveys.
|
From page 79... ...
The second series is data from Information Resources Incorporated (IRI) that includes retail scanner data as well as household survey data.
|
From page 80... ...
The third data source described by Kumcu is USDA's FoodAPS National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey.12 It was a nationally representative sample survey conducted in 2012, with oversampling of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and low-income households, and a sample size of almost 5,000 households.
|
From page 81... ...
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES FOR ESTIMATING FOOD AVAILABILITY 81 TABLE 4-2 Summary of Food Group Availability in Selected Data Sources ERS IRI Food Food IRS Consumer ERS Economic Groups Expenditures InfoScan Network FoodAPS Census Meat, No Yes No RW Yes FAH, no poultry, and FAFH fish Dairy No Yes Yes Yes FAH, no products FAFH Eggs No Yes Yes Yes No Fats and oils No Yes Yes Yes No Fruits No Yes No RW Yes No Citrus No Yes No RW Yes No Noncitrus No Yes No RW Yes No Legumes, No Yes No RW Yes No nuts, and soy Vegetables No Yes No RW Yes No White No Yes No RW Yes No potatoes Dark No Yes No RW Yes No green, deep yellow Other No Yes No RW Yes No vegetables Grain No Yes Yes Yes Some FAH products Sugars and No Yes Yes Yes Some FAH sweeteners Miscellaneous No Yes Yes Yes Some FAH NOTE: FAFH = food away from home, FAH = food at home, IRI = Information Resources Incorporated, RW = random weight. SOURCE: Prepared by A
|
From page 82... ...
She also provided Table 4-2 as a summary of whether each source has information by food group. STATEMENT OF ALANNA MOSHFEGH DISAGGREGATION OF FOOD MIXTURES IN NUTRITION DATA Moshfegh described special databases developed to go from individual consumption of processed food back to the food supply in terms of commodities.
|
From page 83... ...
She then discussed two special purpose databases developed primarily in support of other agencies. The Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Database (FICRCD)
|
From page 84... ...
84 U.S. FOOD AVAILABILITY SYSTEM AND ESTIMATES OF FOOD LOSS BOX 4-2 Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Database (FICRCD)
|
From page 85... ...
She described the second special purpose database, the Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) ,15 which is available for 2005-2006, 20072008, and 2009-2010.
|
From page 86... ...
and the Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) 37 Food Patterns Components in FPID and FPED Main Components FPID/FPED Components Fruit 1 Total fruit 2 Citrus, melons, and berries 3 Other fruits 4 Fruit juice Vegetables 5 Total vegetables 6 Dark green vegetables 7 Total red and orange vegetables 8 Tomatoes 9 Other red and orange vegetables (excludes tomatoes)
|
From page 87... ...
data to estimate waste is excellent. The Statistics Division of FAO is primarily focusing on losses before food reaches households, he said, because food balance sheets do not consider consumer waste, and the division is currently producing updated estimates of preconsumption food losses.
|
From page 88... ...
Schmidhuber stated one of the purposes of the analysis was to have a comparison between household surveys and food balance sheets and to use it to calibrate the food balance sheets. The calibration would be used in updated balance sheets until such time as additional household survey data become available.
|
From page 89... ...
To him, this differs from a modeling approach to estimating food availability directly from other sources, which he acknowledged may be a subtle difference. Nusser agreed that a balance sheet is an integrative framework with a set of constraints, which is why she thinks of it as a model.
|
From page 90... ...
Muth asked whether the FoodAPS data will provide estimates for food acquisition at home versus away from home, saying those estimates might support an estimate in the FADS system. Denbaly replied that FoodAPS does have the designation of at home versus away from home.
|
From page 91... ...
balance sheets with household surveys. He noted that most of the surveys available to FAO are household income and expenditure surveys representing food available at the retail level.
|
From page 92... ...
The production quantities are used in the food balance sheets. NASS has national surveys that provide the production estimates, which are calibrated to the Census of Agriculture every five years.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.