Climate Intervention Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth (2015) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Volcanic Eruptions as Analogues for Albedo Modification
Appendix D: Volcanic Eruptions as Analogues for Albedo Modification
Pages 235-238
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From page 235... ...
The approaches differ in the choice of what is calculated in the model versus what is imposed as boundary conditions based on observations. At the extreme end of the spectrum of forcing models with observations, one can specify the sea surface temperature and sea ice patterns and impose observed volcanic radiative perturbations to the atmosphere, and then see how well the observed changes in land surface temperature and atmospheric circulation patterns can be simulated (as in Graf et al., 1993)
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From page 236... ...
The aerosols absorb incoming solar infrared and thermal infrared upwelling from below, in addition to keeping some sunlight from reaching the surface, and the infrared effects lead to stratospheric heating that warms the stratosphere. This heating affects stratospheric circulations, which via a range of complex fluid mechanical processes affect the climate of the lower parts of the atmosphere, including surface temperature.
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From page 237... ...
, which is sufficient to yield a strong climate response over land in the case of large eruptions but does not last long enough for the ocean temperature to be much affected, and insofar as the ocean is affected at all it is only the uppermost layers of the ocean that are involved; sustained aerosol forcing due to climate intervention action would involve a considerably deeper part of the ocean, and a larger ocean response. The probable difference in land-sea temperature contrast between engineered and volcanic stratospheric aerosol injection has impli 237
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From page 238... ...
. Despite these shortcomings of the volcanic analogue vis-�������������������������� ������������������������ -vis engineered modification of stratospheric aerosols, the volcanic response engages almost all of the same aspects of atmospheric chemistry, physics, and dynamics as does the climate intervention problem and, therefore, serves as a useful test of the simulation capabilities that would be needed to assess the effects of deployment of climate intervention schemes involving stratospheric aerosol modification.
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