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1 Introduction
Pages 15-30

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From page 15...
... . Furthermore, it has recently been estimated that tobacco control policies in the United States since 1965 have led to 8 million fewer premature deaths and have extended the mean life span by 19 to 20 years per death postponed, corresponding to an increment of about 2 years in life expectancy at age 40 (Holford et al., 2014)
From page 16...
... . There has also been a very recent increase in the use of other tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes and hookahs, among college students (HHS, 2012; Johnston et al., 2014)
From page 17...
... HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS Neither the prevalence of cigarette smoking nor the use of other tobacco products is evenly distributed in the population; rather, both are more heavily concentrated in certain population subgroups than in others. Over time in the United States, cigarette smoking has become more and more concentrated in lower socioeconomic groups defined by few years of schooling and lower income (Fagan et al., 2007)
From page 18...
... . While this 1996 rule was invalidated in 2000 by a Supreme Court decision ruling that FDA did not have the authority to regulate tobacco products,3 it was specifically incorporated in the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 20094 (hereafter referred to as the Tobacco Control Act)
From page 19...
... (See Box 1-1 for a summary of the major components of the Tobacco Control Act.) On the other hand, the act specifically prohibits FDA from taking certain actions, including reducing nicotine levels in tobacco products to zero, requiring a prescription to purchase tobacco products, banning the face-to-face sale of tobacco products in any one specific category retail environment, banning specific classes of tobacco products, and establishing a minimum age of sale of tobacco products higher than 18 years of age.5 The Tobacco Control Act did, however, direct FDA to convene a panel of experts to conduct a study on "the public health implications of raising the minimum age to purchase tobacco products" and to submit a report to Congress on the issue.
From page 20...
... 102 Note: Among its many provisions, the Tobacco Control Act required FDA to reissue its 1996 final regulations aimed at restricting the sale and distribution of cigarette and smokeless tobacco products -- Sec. 102 The Tobacco Control Act specifically Requires bigger, more prominent warning labels for cigarettes and smoke less tobacco products: However, the implementation date of more prominent warning labels for cigarettes is uncertain, due to ongoing proceedings in the case of R
From page 21...
... 920 of the FDCA • Convenes a panel of experts to study the public health implications of raising the minimum age to purchase tobacco products -- Sec. 104 Limits on FDA's authority: FDA cannot: • Ban certain specified classes of tobacco products -- Sec.
From page 22...
... Use modeling and other methods, as appropriate, to predict the likely public health outcomes of raising the minimum age for pur chase of tobacco products to 21 years and 25 years. The resulting Committee on the Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products comprises experts in public health law, epidemiology of tobacco use and tobacco risks, adolescent and young adult development, risk behaviors and perceptions, public health policy and practice, and public policy modeling.
From page 23...
... However, there are many important unknowns, including a rapidly changing landscape of tobacco products. The recent increase in the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and hookahs by adolescents and young adults could have a substantial effect on the use of cigarettes and other combustible tobacco products, but it is too early to make informed predictions about these effects.
From page 24...
... . For this report, the committee commissioned the use of two established cigarette smoking macro-simulation models to complement its conclusions about the effects of a change in the MLA on tobacco initiation by providing quantitative estimates of how the likely effects on initiation would affect future smoking prevalence and select measures of smoking-related morbidity and mortality.
From page 25...
... , health effects of tobacco use (Chapter 4) , the current legal landscape regarding minimum age laws and the enforcement of youth access restrictions (Chapter 5)
From page 26...
... 2014. Overview of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.
From page 27...
... 2005. Recent trends in smoking and the role of public policies: Results from the SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model.
From page 28...
... 2012. The Brazil SimSmoke policy simulation model: The effect of strong tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking attributable deaths in a middle income nation.
From page 29...
... 2012. Accuracy and importance of projections from a dynamic simulation model of smoking prevalence in the United States.


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