Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science (2015) / Chapter Skim
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2 Science to Inform Team Science
2 Science to Inform Team Science
Pages 47-56
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From page 47... ...
We first discuss the social science research on groups and teams and then the "science of team science," an emerging, interdisciplinary field focusing, as its name suggests, specifically on team science. RESEARCH ON GROUPS AND TEAMS This report draws heavily from the social science literature of groups and teams.
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From page 48... ...
One or more technologies can then be evaluated on usability as well as on their ability to improve effectiveness in a science team or group. In addition, agent-based modeling, dynamical systems modeling, social network modeling, and other forms of computational modeling have become more prevalent in the teams literature and can help to extend empirical results from small science teams to larger groups of scientists and scientific organizations (National Research Council, 2008; Gorman, Amazeen, and Cooke, 2010; Kozlowski et al., 2013; Rajivan, Janssen, and Cooke, 2013)
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From page 49... ...
Focusing on Highly Diverse Units of Analysis Team science encompasses an enormously diverse set of arrangements for conducting collaborative science. As discussed in the previous chapter, team science projects vary in size, duration, level of funding, geographic dispersion, and level of disciplinary integration (Stokols, 2013)
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From page 50... ...
As another example, one recent study assessed the relative scientific productivity rates of tobacco scientists participating in National Cancer Institute Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Centers (TTURCs) with those of National Institutes of Health grantees working on the same topics as members of smaller research teams who are not participating in the broader research centers (Hall et al., 2012b)
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From page 51... ...
This understanding is needed whether the project aims for "translational" innovations that are more immediately applicable or more fundamental scientific knowledge. Establishing Reliable, Valid, and Consensual Criteria for Evaluating Team Science Processes and Outcomes Evaluating the processes and outcomes of science teams and groups is particularly challenging because of their multiple goals.
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From page 52... ...
Scholars in the science of team science are concerned with the relative efficacy of alternative team science funding mechanisms and the development of criteria for evaluating the returns on investments in team science projects -- questions that have not been explicitly addressed in earlier research on non-science teams (Winter and Berente, 2012)
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From page 53... ...
. Providing researchers access to science teams embedded in their research contexts promises similar benefits.
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From page 54... ...
(in press) have examined knowledge emergence in decision-making teams, relevant to the challenge of deep knowledge integration in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary science teams (Kozlowski and Klein, 2000; see further discussion in Chapter 3)
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From page 55... ...
revealing tensions that affect scientists' willingness to join science teams and groups (see Chapter 8 for further discussion)
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From page 56... ...
We have described the interdisciplinary and multilevel orientation of the science of team science and outlined several of its distinctive challenges and concerns. Many other fields contribute to the committee's understanding of the effectiveness of team science, but are beyond the scope of this report, including social studies of science, organizational and management studies, industrial-organizational and cognitive psychology, science and technology studies, interdisciplinary studies, communications and information science, the humanities, and program evaluation research.
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