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I. Executive Summary
Pages 1-4

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From page 1...
... Chlorination, ozonization, and the use of chlorine dioxide come closest to meeting the criteria established for a drinking water disinfectant. The ultimate choice among methods will require weighing the disinfectant efficacy, detailed in this evaluation, against the toxicity of the products produced by the use of a particular method of disinfection.
From page 2...
... Quite apart from the question of their efficacy as alternative disinfectants, there remains the question, "Will the substitution of a disinfectant for chlorine in water treatment merely produce a different set of by-products whose ejects on human health may be as significant, or more so, than those products known to be produced from chlorine? " Clearly, each disinfectant chemical that was examined in this survey produces by-products that may occur in actual water treatment applications.
From page 3...
... The data regarding microorganisms on GAC beds and their metabolic products, including endotoxin production, are quite limited. The efficacy of biodegradation is believed to be less than adsorption, although microbial activity has been shown to remove organic compounds as measured by group parameters such as total organic carbon, potassium permanganate demand, chemical oxygen demand, and W absorbance.
From page 4...
... The frequency of GAC regeneration is determined by the organic compounds in the water and their competitive interactions. The types and concentrations of organic compounds may vary widely in different locations and seasons of the year.


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