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NOX Emission Controls for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Toward Meeting a 1986 Standard (1981) / Chapter Skim
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'ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS'
Pages 73-78

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From page 73...
... . The discussion concentrates on the extent to which dose-response relationships can be defined at low levels of NOX exposure and on the health trade-offs that may be involved in applying current control technologies (particularly the increased emissions of carcinogenic particulates with reductions in NOX emissions)
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From page 74...
... Biochemical and functional indicators of damage occur relatively rapidly and reach a steady state within about two weeks. The development of irreversible structural damage of the lung requires a long time and involves increased thickness of alveolar walls, loss of ciliated cells, narrowing of small airways, alterations in the morphology of clara cells, transformation of alveolar cells from Type II to Type I, and the appearance of altered alveolar collagen (Coffin and Stokinger, l977)
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From page 75...
... Further work, such as the Environmental Protection Agency's current research program to characterize the carcinogenic potential of diesel exhaust for humans, is needed. For purposes of risk assessment, the dose-response relationships for carcinogens are generally assumed to be linear, and without thresholds of activity (Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group, l979)
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From page 76...
... In heavy-duty diesel engines, reducing NOX emissions according to current control strategies may increase emissions of particulates. This represents a trade-off of very different kinds of health effects between the two classes of pollutants.
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From page 77...
... Environmental Protection Agency.
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From page 78...
... Environmental Protection Agency. World Health Organization and U.N.
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Key Terms

  • nox emissions
  • epidemiologic studies
  • nox exposure
  • respiratory illness
  • nitrogen dioxide

  • health aspects
  • nox emission
  • diesel engines
  • health impacts
  • health perspectives

  • nitrogen oxides
  • carcinogenic particulates
  • exposure studies
  • current control
  • lung cancer

  • bronchial constricting
  • regulatory liaison
  • carbon monoxide
  • controlled exposure
  • increase emissions

  • interagency regulatory
  • constricting drugs
  • using gas
  • increased susceptibility
  • laboratory animals

  • toxic effect
  • special concern
  • health benefits
  • health standpoint
  • stringent nox


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