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5. CONCLUSIONS
Pages 51-60

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From page 51...
... biotechnology industry will lose its strong leadership position in several industry segments at the end of the decade unless concrete steps are taken by government, industry, and universities. 73Council on Competitiveness, Gaining New Ground: Technology Priorities for America's Future, 1991.
From page 52...
... A primary conclusion of the NRC working group is that cooperation between the United States and Japan in biotechnology is inevitable and desirable as we move toward a global market, but policy must be developed. The United States and Japan have different resources to bring to bear in developing biotechnology, as a result of striking differences in the two countries' research systems, industrial structures, regulatory regimes, patterns of disease and food products, drivers of capital market systems, and customer access and delivery.
From page 53...
... The possible effects include capital generation, expanded market access, profits, number of jobs, creation of new technology, expanded R&D, and effects on the broader national scientific manpower base. Detailed analysis of particular cases also is required.
From page 54...
... universities; that the intellectual property rights of innovators are protected; that technology transfer from Japan in areas such as microbial cell lines, bioprocessing and automated screening assay techniques, and biosensor technology takes place; and that U.S. organizations find expanded opportunities to participate in the Japanese regulatory process and in the Japanese market and are able to enforce patent rights.
From page 55...
... One example would be a sequential approach in technical licensing that ensures, over time, comarketing and market access opportunities in Japan for products from emerging companies. Another possibility would be to develop linkages that combine capital and technology inflows from Japan.
From page 56...
... The NRC working group considers investment-related measures that lead to easier capital market access and greater financial strength for emerging companies to be top priorities. Possible approaches that require further study and debate include making the R&D tax credit permanent, introducing a graduated capital gains tax for technology investments, and establishing a pool of patient capital to provide seed investments for promising innovators.
From page 57...
... The U.S. government could also encourage the appropriate agencies to define programs that have as their purpose increasing information about new developmentsin Japanese biotechnology R&D to U.S.
From page 58...
... To make the most of collaboration with industry while ensuring academic freedom and proper protection of intellectual property rights, universities should develop standard policies for licensing technology to industry that permit faculty participation in the formation of new companies. Because funding of research and participation by Japanese companies are growing, universities could develop guidelines for good practice for contract research, standards for the conduct offoreign researchers in U.S.
From page 59...
... The technology linkages that are being formed with Japan present opportunities as well as risks for the U.S. partners_companies, universities, and national research institutes.


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