Computing the Future A Broader Agenda for Computer Science and Engineering (1992) / Chapter Skim
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8 HUMAN RESOURCES
8 HUMAN RESOURCES
Pages 239-260
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From page 239... ...
In addition, many other institutions have developed programs in information sciences, library sciences, management information systems, and so on; in many cases, degrees awarded by these latter institutions include at least some of the CS&E material that other institutions might include as part of a CS&E undergraduate degree, although they tend not to cover such material as broadly or as deeply. This diversity in computer-related degree programs makes it difficult to obtain detailed insight into degree production.
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From page 240... ...
. dTaulbee surveys; see David Gries and Dorothy Marsh, "The 1990-1991 Taulbee Survey," Computing Research News, Volume 4(1)
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From page 241... ...
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From page 242... ...
Note in particular that the number of CS&E Ph.D.s produced in 1989 is less than two-thirds that of its parent disciplines, electrical engineering and mathematics, and about one-half that of physics. Production of Ph.D.s in CS&E is also time consuming: the total time to degree (i.e., the interval between receipt of a bachelor's degree and receipt of the Ph.D.
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From page 244... ...
5.9 6.3 5.8 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 Electrical engr. 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 Mathematics 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.1 Physics and astronomy 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.4 Chemistry 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Biological sciences 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 aTotal time refers to the elapsed calendar time between the award of the bachelor's degree and award of the doctorate.
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fPlans unknown at time of response to survey. SOURCE: Data from Survey of Earned Doctorates, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
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From page 246... ...
.4 Most current or proposed definitions of "computing professional" or "computer specialist" inevitably reflect a narrow characterization of the position as one in which a substantial portion of the job responsibilities require nonroutine interaction with a computer. Federal statistics experts recognize that a finer degree of differentiation of computing professional is needed, and a proposed revision to the master list of occupations, the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, may add perhaps 30 computer-related occupations.
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From page 247... ...
At present, CS&E attracts women and non-Asian minorities at approximately the same rates as for the physical sciences at all levels, as noted in Table 8.7; however, for both fields, women and minorities are increasingly underrepresented at higher levels of educational attainment. The representation of women and non-Asian minorities in faculty ranks is somewhat lower than their representation as recipients of doctoral degrees in CS&E.
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From page 248... ...
SOURCE: Data from Survey of Earned Doctorates, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. professors in these departments are women, and about 1.7 percent of all full professors in these departments are non-Asian minorities.
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From page 249... ...
, 1989 Percentage of Degrees Awarded Women Non-Asian Minoritiesa Degree CIS PS CIS P5 Bachelor's 30.S 30.9 13.5 8.0 Master's 27.9 26.8 6.3 4.4 Doctorate 17.6 19.0 1.8 4.7 NOTE: The slight discrepancy in percentage of doctorates awarded between this table and those of Figures 8.1 and 8.2 is due to the inclusion of information sciences and the exclusion of computer engineering in this table. aFigures for non-Asian minorities include only U.S.
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From page 251... ...
Involvement of Foreign Students As in other scientific and technical fields, a significant fraction of CS&E graduate students consists of individuals who are not citizens or permanent residents. These foreign students account for a somewhat higher fraction of Ph.D.s in CS&E than in the physical sciences, and the trend is uniformly upwards (Figure 8.3~.
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From page 252... ...
."8 The NSB also concluded that "both industry and engmeer~ng schools would experience severe problems if engineering schools should severely restrict the traixling of foreign students or if the influx of for TABLE 8.8 Breakdown (by Percentage) of Planned Residency of New Ph.D.s in Various Disciplines, 1989 Percentage Choosing Residence Indicated Total New United Other Discipline Ph.D.s States Countries Unknown CS&E 648 60 7 33 Electrical engineering 995 52 10 37 Mathematics 847 54 11 36 Physics and astronomy 1274 59 8 33 Chemistry 1970 72 5 23 Biological sciences 4115 71 7 22 NOTE: Percentages include Ph.D.s awarded to both U.S.
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From page 253... ...
It is a matter of record that foreign students are predominantly male, and so large numbers of foreign students would bias the overall gender balance towards men.~° But in addition, some have speculated that foreign cultures tend to be less accepting of women as scientific workers than is American culture, and that attitudes brought by foreign-born faculty and graduate students to American graduate education tend to discourage the full participation of women. Others have argued that the fields involved have simply found it less threatening or difficult to seek qualified students from abroad than to undertake the large-scale changes that would be necessary to attract larger numbers of women to these fields.
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aExcludes information sciences and computer engineering. SOURCE: Data from Survey of Doctoral Recipients, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
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(N=247l) aThe Forsythe List consists of institutions granting doctorates in computer science or computer engineering.
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grew by 153 percent (from 211,759 to 534,911~. Finally, the number of Ph.D.s teaching in computer-related fields (including computer science, information science, and computer engineering)
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From page 257... ...
Degree data reflect "computer and information sciences." Comprehensive data on computer engineering degrees at the bachelor's and master's level are not available. However, it is known from the Taulbee surveys that at the Ph.D.-granting institutions, degree production in computer engineering is low compared to degree production in computer science.
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From page 258... ...
Note, however, that if the ratio of bachelor's degrees awarded to number of teaching faculty in 1989 had matched the ratio for 1977 (i.e., 6.31 degrees awarded per teaching faculty member) , a total of nearly 1200 additional filled teaching positions would have been necessary in 1989.
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From page 259... ...
and Canadian institutions. In recognition of a largely inadequate understanding of human resources in the computer field, the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board and the Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel of the National Research Council held a workshop in October 1991 to explore issues in the areas of data and taxonomy for computer specialists, demand for and mobility of people trained in CS&E, the CS&E pipeline and equality of opportunity, and implications for training.
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From page 260... ...
5. David Gries and Dorothy Marsh, "The 1990-1991 Taulbee Survey," Computing Research News, Volume 4(1)
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